DQ Set 1
1. What type of lung disease is asbestosis? Explain. - Answer-Asbestosis is a restrictive lung disease because breathing in asbestos fibers causes lung damage, scarring, fibrotic tissue, and making lung tissue stiffer. This would cause a decrease in total volume of the air that is in th...
PHSC415 Exam 3 Questions with Latest
Update
DQ Set 1
1. What type of lung disease is asbestosis? Explain. - Answer-Asbestosis is a restrictive
lung disease because breathing in asbestos fibers causes lung damage, scarring,
fibrotic tissue, and making lung tissue stiffer. This would cause a decrease in total
volume of the air that is in the lungs (inflation of the lungs) which is characteristic of
restrictive lung disease.
DQ Set 1
2. What specific changes in lung function would you expect to observe in an individual
with asbestosis? - Answer-The elasticity of the lungs decreases causing some changes
in lung function reducing the total capacity of the lungs and causing a decrease in both
FVC and FEV1.
DQ Set 1
3. Describe the trend in overall deaths caused by asbestosis in the US as shown in
Figure 1. - Answer-Asbestosis deaths in the United States increased pretty steadily from
1970 until reaching a peak in 2003. Since 2003, deaths attributed to asbestos have
decreased overall. This trend is shown because there is a delay between the exposure
and the effects of the exposure. The disease progresses over decades which explains
the increase over time leading to the steady decrease.
DQ Set 1
4. Which population do you think is at the highest risk of developing this disease? -
Answer-The population that has increased exposure to construction work would have
the highest risk of developing asbestosis. People who work in occupational exposures
with construction work and the breaking up of materials (especially concrete) that
releases asbestos into the air are at high risk. There is also a risk for people who work
in areas where they are not told the risk is present.
DQ Set 1
5. What public health measures are you aware of or that you would propose to reduce
the incidence of and mortality from asbestosis? - Answer-I would propose having higher
availability of breathing treatments for individuals who develop asbestosis which can
decrease the incidence of mortality. Also, tearing down buildings that have high
asbestos within the building, making sure mandates are in place for proper PPE, and
regulating construction using asbestos.
, Case Study 3
1. Summarize and interpret figure 1 - Answer-This figure shows the percentage of
positive specimens of influenza viruses from October-September in five seasons. In
past seasons, peaks of influenza cases were seen during the months of November to
May. However, in the 2020-2021 flu season, very low percentages of positive
specimens were measured, either due to a lack of people getting tested or less
transmission of influenza.
Case Study 3
2. Summarize and interpret figure 2 - Answer-This figure shows the number of people
tested for rhinoviruses/enteroviruses and the number of positive tests. In 2021, the
number of people tested for was much lower, as was the percentage of positive
specimens. However, unlinke influenza, there was still a peak of rhinoviruses and
enteroviruses. The reason for that is unknown.
Case Study 3
3. Why are health professionals so concerned about the flu returning to pre-pandemic
levels? Why are we unprepared? - Answer-Health professionals are so concerned
about the flu returning to pre-pandemic levels because in the past year influenza rates
were historically low. As a result, scientists lack data on what strains of influenza were
circulating in order to develop the vaccine. We are unprepared for flu levels returning
because many people may have weaker respiratory systems due to covid infection,
there is a movement of distrust in the medical system, and low transmission rates in the
past season (social distancing and masks) could result in a less prepared immune
system. Additionally, the combined effect of a spike in influenza and COVID-19 could be
detrimental.
Case Study 3
4. Identity and describe one limitation of this report. - Answer-One limitation of this
report is that people with symptoms of respiratory illness may have just gone to a
designated COVID-19 testing site instead of to a healthcare provider where they would
receive tests for other respiratory diseases besides COVID-19. This could result in
many cases going unreported.
Case Study 3
5. Consider the following excerpt from the report:
"Each test result was independently reported, therefore the role of virus-virus
interactions on activity could not be examined".
What is a virus-virus interaction? Why does this matter? - Answer-A virus-virus
interaction is how two pathogens can infect and work alongside each other, resulting in
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