Covariance: If x and y consistently vary in the same direction, the numerator will be - CORRECT ANSWER positive
Deductive Reasoning - CORRECT ANSWER process of drawing a conclusion from a principle already known or assumed (The sun rises every morning; therefore, the sun will ris...
ECN 221 EXAM 1 2024-2025 QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
Covariance: If x and y consistently vary in the same direction, the numerator will
be - CORRECT ANSWER positive
Deductive Reasoning - CORRECT ANSWER process of drawing a conclusion
from a principle already known or assumed (The sun rises every morning;
therefore, the sun will rise on Tuesday morning.)
Inductive Reasoning - CORRECT ANSWER -A type of logic in which
generalizations are based on a large number of specific observations.
-Use particular to explain the general
The problem of induction - CORRECT ANSWER It will never give us the truth
Popper's problem: Past experiences are not enough to make definitive statements
about future experiences
To corroborate is to "strengthen (an opinion, statement, argument, etc.) by
agreeing statements or evidence
Proof: - CORRECT ANSWER Corroboration vs. Proof
,ECN 221 EXAM 1 2024-2025 QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
The narrative fallacy - CORRECT ANSWER Flawed stories of the past shape
our views of the world and our expectations of the future
We construct stories around facts
Naive falsification - CORRECT ANSWER -Any single instance that proves data
is enough to falsify the entire claim
-Any theory which can be interpreted as experimentally falsifiable is considered
scientific
-Ex. birth control pill is ineffective because 3 in 1000 sources where it doesn't
work
Sophisticated falsification - CORRECT ANSWER -Requires that a theory is not
only falsifiable, but that is also leads to the discovery of new facts
-Lakatos
-Ex. The birth control pill is considered extremely effective since the statistics
show only a 0.3% failure rate
, ECN 221 EXAM 1 2024-2025 QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
Normal science - CORRECT ANSWER Science conducted within an existing
paradigm, as defined by Thomas Kuhn
Revolutionary science - CORRECT ANSWER -A period in which scientific
activity is characterized by the replacement of one paradigm with another
-Occurs when a challenging paradigm arises
Paradigm - CORRECT ANSWER -A typical example or pattern of something; a
model
-A generally accepted world view
-Determines what questions you should ask, what facts you should look at, and
what makes a system better or worse
Theories - CORRECT ANSWER -We have progress when a new theory replaces
an old theory and explains what the old theory explained and more
-It's about proving things false; you can't prove anything is true.
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