Nurs 682-Contraception Exam With Accurate Answers
The HPO Axis describes
-Hypothalamic pituitary ovarian axis
-main hormonal feedback pathway responsible for the reproductive system
menstrual cycle
Cycle during which an egg develops and is released from an ovary and the uterus is
prepared to receive a fertilized egg.
menstrual cycle phases
Ovarian:
1. follicular phase
2. ovulation
3. luteal phase
4. menstruation
Endometrium:
1. menstrual phase
2. proliferative phase
3. secretory phase
follicular phase
the initial phase of the female sexual cycle; the maturation of a follicle from which an
oocyte will be released. This is brought about under the influence of FSH from the
anterior pituitary and usually occurs between day 1 and day 14 in the female menstrual
cycle. This is also the time the follicle secretes estrogen, leading to a surge of LH, which
provokes the release of ovulation, hence allowing the follicle to burst and release the
ovum into the fallopian tube. Also, in this phase is the thickening of the uterine walls in
preparation for implantation of a fertilized cell.
, -longest phase and can VARY in each women
ovulation phase
-when the ovum is released, day 14
-ovarian cycle, phase 2
-stimulated by surge in LH
luteal phase
-day 15 to day 28 of
-3rd phase of the ovarian cycle, during which a corpus luteum is formed from the
remnants of the follicle that has ovulated its oocyte
-corpus luteum secretes progesterone and estrogen during this time period
-PRESENCE OF estrogen/progesterone shut off NEGATIVE feedback) GnRH function
and hence shut off release of FSH/LH from pituitary.
-formation of corpus luteum is initiated by same LH surge that initiates ovulation, but in
the absence of LH (levels quickly decline after surge) corpus luteum begins to
degenerate
menstruation stage of uterine cycle
-DAYS 1-5
-decline in progesterone & estrogen levels causes functional layer of endometrium to
discharge resulting in vaginal bleeding
-indicates end of one cycle and start of next
-without implantation endometrium is shed
proliferative phase of uterine cycle -days 6-14 -rising blood estrogen levels -refers to the
estrogen-induced thickening of the endometrium -happens BEFORE secretory phase
secretory phase of uterine cycle -days 15-28: coincides with luteal phase of ovarian
cycle -endometrial response to progesterone -progesterone predominates, endometrial
gland activity increases and contractions of the uterine smooth muscle are inhibited
The HPO Axis describes
-Hypothalamic pituitary ovarian axis
-main hormonal feedback pathway responsible for the reproductive system
menstrual cycle
Cycle during which an egg develops and is released from an ovary and the uterus is
prepared to receive a fertilized egg.
menstrual cycle phases
Ovarian:
1. follicular phase
2. ovulation
3. luteal phase
4. menstruation
Endometrium:
1. menstrual phase
2. proliferative phase
3. secretory phase
follicular phase
the initial phase of the female sexual cycle; the maturation of a follicle from which an
oocyte will be released. This is brought about under the influence of FSH from the
anterior pituitary and usually occurs between day 1 and day 14 in the female menstrual
cycle. This is also the time the follicle secretes estrogen, leading to a surge of LH, which
provokes the release of ovulation, hence allowing the follicle to burst and release the
ovum into the fallopian tube. Also, in this phase is the thickening of the uterine walls in
preparation for implantation of a fertilized cell.
, -longest phase and can VARY in each women
ovulation phase
-when the ovum is released, day 14
-ovarian cycle, phase 2
-stimulated by surge in LH
luteal phase
-day 15 to day 28 of
-3rd phase of the ovarian cycle, during which a corpus luteum is formed from the
remnants of the follicle that has ovulated its oocyte
-corpus luteum secretes progesterone and estrogen during this time period
-PRESENCE OF estrogen/progesterone shut off NEGATIVE feedback) GnRH function
and hence shut off release of FSH/LH from pituitary.
-formation of corpus luteum is initiated by same LH surge that initiates ovulation, but in
the absence of LH (levels quickly decline after surge) corpus luteum begins to
degenerate
menstruation stage of uterine cycle
-DAYS 1-5
-decline in progesterone & estrogen levels causes functional layer of endometrium to
discharge resulting in vaginal bleeding
-indicates end of one cycle and start of next
-without implantation endometrium is shed
proliferative phase of uterine cycle -days 6-14 -rising blood estrogen levels -refers to the
estrogen-induced thickening of the endometrium -happens BEFORE secretory phase
secretory phase of uterine cycle -days 15-28: coincides with luteal phase of ovarian
cycle -endometrial response to progesterone -progesterone predominates, endometrial
gland activity increases and contractions of the uterine smooth muscle are inhibited
