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Anatomy CMB2007 Exam with complete solutions 2024_2025
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Anatomy CMB2007 Exam with completesolutions 2024/2025
What is the 5th intercostal space? - ANSWER-The gap inferior to the 5th rib,
superior to the 6th rib
What is adrenaline? - ANSWER-A symptomatic catecholamines causing
quickening of the heart rate, strengthening of the heart's contraction and opening
the bronchioles
What is aldosterone? - ANSWER-A steroid hormone produced by the adrenal
cortex that regulates the balance of salt and water in the body
When is aldosterone secreted? - ANSWER-In response to low salt
What does aldosterone bind to? - ANSWER-The mineralocorticoid receptor which
upregulates production of a protein preventing ENaC from being degraded
What does anterior mean? - ANSWER-Nearer the front
What is cortisol? - ANSWER-A steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex
whch regulates carbohydrate metabolism
What is fascia? - ANSWER-A sheet or band of fibrous connective tissues
enveloping, seperating or binding together muscles, organs and other soft
structures of the body
What is the gall bladder? - ANSWER-A small pear-shaped muscular sac located
ubder the right lobe of the liver, secreted bile is stored
,What is the inguinal ligament? - ANSWER-The tough fibrous ligament stretching
between the lateral edge of the pubic bone and the anterior superior iliac spine
What is the mediastinum? - ANSWER-The region in mammals between the pleural
sacs containing the heart and all of the thoracic visera except the lungs
Where is the medullary? - ANSWER-In the medulla od inner core
What does necrotic mean? - ANSWER-Dead
What is noradrenaline? - ANSWER-Both a neurotransmitter and a hormone with
similar effects to adrenaline
What is pericarditis? - ANSWER-Inflammation of the lining around the heart
causing chest pain and accumulation of fluid around the heart
What does posterior mean? - ANSWER-Nearer to back
What is the polymeric sphincter? - ANSWER-A ring of smooth muscle fibre
around the opening of the stomach into the duodenum
What is severe peritonitis? - ANSWER-Inflammation of the peritoneum
What is the peritoneum? - ANSWER-The tissue layer of cells lining the inner wall
of the abdomen and pelvis
What is systemic sepsis? - ANSWER-The presence of bacteria in other tissue of
the body
What are ureters? - ANSWER-A tube that carries urine down from the kidney to
the bladder
What is the vermiform appendix? - ANSWER-A small outpouching from the
beginning of the large intestine
What does superior mean? - ANSWER-Nearer to head
What does inferior mean? - ANSWER-Nearer to feet
What does anterior mean? - ANSWER-Nearer to front
,What does posterior mean? - ANSWER-Nearer to back
What does medial mean? - ANSWER-Nearer to the median plane
What does lateral mean? - ANSWER-Farther from the median plane
What does proximal mean? - ANSWER-Nearer the trunk or point of origin
What distal mean? - ANSWER-Farther from the trunk or point of origin
What does superficial mean? - ANSWER-Nearer to or on the surface
What does deep mean? - ANSWER-Farther from the surface
What does dorsum mean? - ANSWER-Dorsal surface part of the hand or foot
What is the palm? - ANSWER-Palmar surface of the hand
What is the sole? - ANSWER-Plantar surface of the foot
What best describes the anatomical position? - ANSWER-Looking forwards,
standing upright, palms forward, feet pointing forwards
What best describes the median plane? - ANSWER-The median plane runs from
the from the back of the body from head to toe dividing it into two equal halves to
each side
What best describes the sagittal plane? - ANSWER-The sagittal plane is lateral of
the median plane, it divides the body into two unequal parts on each side
What best describes the coronal plane? - ANSWER-The coronal plane runs from
one side of the body dividing it into a front and back part, the parts may be
unequal or equal
How many cervical vertebrae are there and what are they called? - ANSWER-7,
C1-C7
How many thoracic vertebrae are there and what are they called? - ANSWER-12,
T1-T12
, How many lumbar vertebrae are there and what are they called? - ANSWER-5, L1-
L5
How many sacral vertebrae are there and what are they called? - ANSWER-5, S1-
S5
What are the top three regions of the abdomen called from left to right? -
ANSWER-Right hypochondrium, epigastrum, left hypochondrium
What are the middle three regions of the abdomen called from left to right? -
ANSWER-Right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar
What are the bottom three regions of the abdomen called from right to left? -
ANSWER-Right iliac fossa, hypogastrium, left iliac fossa
What is the top plane of the abdomen called? - ANSWER-Transpyloric plane
What is the bottom plane of the abdomen called? - ANSWER-Transtubercular
plane
What are the lines separating the abdomen into columns called? - ANSWER-
Midclavicular
What does the skeleton consist of? - ANSWER-Bones and cartilage
What are the main functions of the skeleton? - ANSWER-- protection of major
organs
- forming the mechanical basis for movement
- haemopoesis
- storage of salts in the bone
What are the two types of mature bone? - ANSWER-Compact and spongy
What are characteristics of compact bone? - ANSWER-Strong, dense and covers
all the bones in the body
What are the characteristics of spongy bone? - ANSWER-Less dense with
numerous air spaces and forms the core most bones, except when replaced by a
medullary cavity
What are the three types of cartilage? - ANSWER-- hyaline cartilage
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