NURS 617 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2024-2025 ACTUAL
EXAM COMPLETE 100 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
|ALREADY GRADED A+||
What is the correct way to take bisphosphonates - ANSWER-
On an empty stomach with a full 8 ounces of water
Cannot eat or lie down for at least 30-60 minutes after taking
Which medication class used to treat osteoporosis can cause
severe esophagitis and possible osteonecrosis of the jaw? -
ANSWER- Bisphosphonates (-nate)
Which medication class used to treat osteoporosis should not be
taken by patients with swallowing difficulties or known
esophageal abnormalities - ANSWER- Bisphosphonates (-nate)
Oral absorption of bisphosphonates is inhibited/blocked by what
? - ANSWER- - Food, especially dairy
- Calcium supplements (should give these at least an hour after
bisphosphonates are taken )
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How long does it take to see measurable effects on fracture risk
with use of bisphosphonates - ANSWER- 6-12 months
Pharmacodynamics of the anabolic agent teraperitide (Forteo) in
treatment of osteoporosis - ANSWER- This drug is a synthetic,
recombinant form of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Like
physiologic PTH it stimulates osteoblast activity to form new
bone. It also increases absorption of calcium from the G.I. tract
and enhances the renal tubular reabsorption of calcium. The net
effect is to increase bone density
Advantages of using the anabolic agent teraperitide (Forteo) in
the treatment of osteoporosis - ANSWER- - Effective in
reducing fracture risk in osteoporosis patients who have already
suffered a fracture
- Provides an option for patients who cannot take other therapies
for osteoporosis
Disadvantages of using the anabolic agent teraperitide (Forteo)
in the treatment of osteoporosis - ANSWER- - Very expensive
- Must be injected subcutaneously daily
- Limited indications for use
- Not recommended for more than 2 years of therapy
- Has caused osteosarcoma in laboratory rats; should not be used
in patients with Paget's disease of bone
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Advantages of Acetaminophen in Osteoarthritis - ANSWER- -
Does not cause G.I. tract irritations
- Does not cause a bleeding tendency like some of the other
analgesics used for osteoarthritis
- Rapid onset of action (30-60 min.)
- Very few contraindications or precautions.
Disadvantages of Acetaminophen in Osteoarthritis - ANSWER-
- Less potent than aspirin and the other NSAIDs
- Has no anti-inflammatory effects outside of the brain; will not
reduce peripheral inflammatory conditions
- Hepatotoxicity; especially in patients with pre-existing liver
disease or with concomitant alcohol intake
- Precautions in patients with renal disease; does have some
nephrotoxicity if used in excessive doses
- Has no anti platelet effects. However, it may increase the
anticoagulant effect of warfarin
Primary function of the COX-1 enzyme - ANSWER- The COX-
1 enzyme is a normally functioning enzyme that continually
synthesizes the normal biomediators prostaglandin, prostacyclin,
and thromboxane. These biomediators have beneficial normal
functions such as gastric mucus production, enhancement of
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platelet function in blood clotting, vasodilatation (especially of
renal arteries), regulation of body temperature, and stimulation
of uterine contractions
Primary function of the COX-2 enzyme - ANSWER- The COX-
2 enzyme only functions during stress or inflammatory
conditions and produces the same biomediators but in greater
amounts to activate pain sensors, produce vasodilatation, and
enhance blood clotting in damaged blood vessels.
Which NSAID has the greatest analgesic effect - ANSWER-
Ketorolac (Toradol) IM
Which NSAIDs have a rapid onset of action and are used for
acute pain - ANSWER- naproxen, ibuprofen, fenoprofen,
indomethacin, etodolac, and piroxicam have an onset of action
of 30-60 min
Which NSAID has a long duration of action and is useful in
chronic pain - ANSWER- Piroxicam has a long duration of
action (2-3 days)
Disadvantages of NSAIDs in treating osteoarthritis - ANSWER-
- The non-selective agents commonly cause G.I. problems
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