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Endocrine Revision Questions - Week 3(systemic physiology LFS202)
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Endocrine Revision Questions - Week 3(systemic physiology LFS202)
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Systemic Physiology 2 (LFS202)Endocrine Revision Questions - Week 3(systemic physiology LFS202)
1. What are the three major groups of hormones based on chemical structure?
• Amines: Catecholamines (tyrosine), Indoleamines (tryptophan), Thyroid hormones
(tyrosine).
• Peptides and Proteins.
• Steroids: Cholesterol derivatives.
2. Describe how hormone secretion is controlled by negative feedback loops.
• Example:
1. Hypothalamus secretes TRH (Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone).
2. TRH stimulates the pituitary gland to produce TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating
Hormone).
3. TSH stimulates the thyroid gland to release T3 and T4 (thyroid hormones).
4. Once the body has enough thyroid hormones, they send feedback to the
hypothalamus to stop TRH production.
3. What are the ways in which hormones are released?
• Negative feedback loops (e.g., hypothalamic-pituitary axis).
• Neuroendocrine reflexes.
• Diurnal (circadian) rhythms.
4. What are GLUT transporters?
• Glucose transporters that move glucose across plasma membranes:
o GLUT-1, GLUT-2, GLUT-3: Insulin-dependent.
o GLUT-4: Insulin-independent.
5. Differentiate between paracrine and hormonal secretions.
• Paracrine: Hormone acts locally, affecting nearby cells.
• Autocrine: Hormone acts on the same cell that produced it.
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