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BIOL 3240 Exam 1 | Questions and Answers (Complete Solutions)
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BIOL 3240 Exam 1 | Questions and Answers (Complete Solutions) What are the two major cell types in the brain? Neurons; glial cells What are some ways cell types can be defined? morphology; transcription profile; cell properties, function; context Two characteristics of neurons asymmetrical, excit...

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  • September 25, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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BIOL 3240 Exam 1


What are the two major cell types in the brain?
Neurons; glial cells

What are some ways cell types can be defined?
morphology; transcription profile; cell properties, function; context

Two characteristics of neurons
asymmetrical, excitable

There are ____ major types of glial cell
five

A neuron is a post ____ cell
Mitotic

Neurons are both _____ and _____ excitable
chemically, electrically

_________ neurons have only one process that bifurcates into a dendritic end and an
axonal end
Unipolar

Most neurons in invertebrates are _____
unipolar

_____ neurons have two processes: one dendritic structure and one axonal.
bipolar

Many sensory neurons in vertebrates are ____ neurons
bipolar

_______ neurons start as bipolar, but the processes fuse into a single continuous
structure that emerges from a single point on the soma.
pseudo unipolar

_____ neurons usually have a single axon and multiple dendritic structures
Multipolar

Where are pseudo unipolar neurons found?
somatosensory system

Most neurons in the human brain are

,Multipolar

Neurons that connect sensory neurons to motor neurons are called
Interneurons

Neurons that integrate and process an electrical signal into a command signal are
called
Interneurons

Neurons are often categorized based on their _____ in the brain
Location

The cytoskeleton of a neuron is made from what three filaments?
microfilaments, neurofilaments, microtubules

The diameter of neurofilaments is approximately ___ nm
10

What is the most abundant cytoskeletal component in neurons?
neurofilaments

There are three different neurofilament subunits: ___, ___, and ___
L, M, H

There are ___ protofilaments in a protofibril (neurofilament composition)
two

There are ____ protofibrils in a neurofilament
three

Because of their stability, this cytoskeletal element provides strong architectural support
to neurons
neurofilaments

Microtubules have a diameter of about ___ nm
25

This cytoskeletal element is highly dynamic
microtubules

______ (cytoskeletal element) act as railway for distributing compounds in the cell, from
the soma to the periphery
Microtubules

Microfilaments are made of ____ protofilaments
13

, Each protofilament of a microtubule is a polymer of what heterodimers?
alpha and beta tubulin

Which of the cytoskeletal elements in a neuron is polar?
Microtubules

The negative end of the microtubule is oriented towards the ______ of the cell
Center

the positive end of the microtubule is oriented towards the _____ of the cell
periphery

Microtubules grow by addition of _____-bound tubular dimers at the ____ end
GTP; plus

A microtubule shrinks when its positive end is capped by
GDP bound tubulin

In neurons, Mts are stabilized by what proteins?
Microtubule associated proteins (MAPs)

Which MAP is present in dendrites?
MAP2

Which MAP is present in axons?
MAP3

What other MAP is present in axons besides MAP3?
Tau

Microfilaments have a diameter of around __ to ___ nm
3 to 7

Where are microfilaments concentrated in neurons?
Periphery

Microfilaments and their associated proteins form a dynamic network underlying
_______ _______
Growth cones

Microfilaments are short and unstable to ensure ________ _______ of neurons
rapid growth

Microfilaments are made of two strands of _____ forming a double stranded ______
actin; helix

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