Exam (elaborations)
NREMT ADVANCED-EMT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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NREMT ADVANCED-EMT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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NREMTADVANCED-EMT
QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Initial Assessment: B-SMNAC - Answers -- BSI (body substance isolation);
- Scene Safety;
- Mechanism of Injury (MOI)/Nature of Illness (NOI);
- Number of Patients;
- Assistance (additional units, Fire, Police, etc.);
- C-spine (and/or C-collar)
Initial Assessment: G-CAAT - Answers -- General Impression;
- Chief Complaints, Life Threats (hemorrhage);
- AVPU;
- ABC's (airway, breathing, circulation);
- Transport Decision (Load and Go or Stay and Play)
Components of AVPU - Answers -- Alert;
- responds to Verbal stimuli;
- responds to Painful stimuli;
- Unresponsive
Secondary Assessment: OPQRST-I - Answers -especially for Respiratory and Cardiac
patients:
- Onset;
- Provocation/Palliation;
- Quality;
- Radiation;
- Scale/Severity;
- Time;
,- Interventions
What is OPQRST? - Answers -a mnemonic for remembering the questions to ask when
assessing the patient's chief complaint or major symptoms
Onset - Answers -- When and how did the symptom begin?
- Ask the patient if the onset was sudden or gradual.
- Also determine if the onset was associated with a particular activity.
Provocation/palliation: - Answers -- What makes the symptom worse?
- What makes the symptom better?
Quality - Answers -How would you describe the pain?
Radiation - Answers -- Where do you feel the pain?;
- Where does the pain go?
Scale/Severity - Answers -- On a scale from 0 to 10, with 10 being the worst.
- How bad is the symptom?
Time - Answers -- Determine if the symptom has been present for minutes, hours, days,
weeks, months, or years;
- The length of time the symptoms are present is important to document
Components of General Impression - Answers -ASSS-FLOP-VD:
- Apparent state of health;
- Skin color, obvious lesions;
- Signs of distress;
- Sexual development;
- Facial expressions;
- Level of consciousness;
- Odors;
- Posture, Motor, Gait;
- Vital statistics;
- Dress, Grooming, Hygiene
Secondary Assessment: SAMPLE - Answers -- Signs and Symptoms (history of present
issues);
- Allergies;
- Medications;
- Past Medical History, Pertinent Negatives;
- Last Oral Intake;
- Events (leading to present: trauma or medical)
Secondary Assessment: V-FITD - Answers -- Vital Signs, baseline (VS);
- Focused Physical Exam (performed);
,- Interventions (RX's per medical direction, etc.);
- Transport (re-evaluate decision);
- Detailed Physical Exam (verbalized);
Order of Initial Assessment - Answers -- B-SMNAC;
- G-CAAT;
Order of Secondary Assessment - Answers -- OPQRST-I;
- SAMPLE;
- V-FITD
S1 - Answers -"Lub"
Caused by the closing of the Mitral (Bicuspid) and Tricuspid atrioventricular valves.
S2 - Answers -"Dub"
Caused by blood closing the semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonic).
S3 - Answers -"Ta"
Oft referred to as the galloping heart, caused by blood sloshing around in a compliant
left ventricle.
S4 - Answers -A rare noise in the middle of "lub," caused by a failing left ventricle and
best heard in the cardiac apex.
Ta-LUB-dub, ta-LUB-dub
Septum - 2 Sub Types - Answers -Separates the two halves of the heart.
Interatrial and Interventricular
NSAID - Answers -Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug
Antipyretic Agent - Answers -Inhibits Prostaglandins
Acts on hypothalamus, heat regulation center.
Vasodilation & Sweating
Platelet Inhibitor - Answers -Prevents formation of thromboxane A2
Decreased Afterload Effects - Answers -Decreased Arteriole Pressure = Decreased
Aortic Pressure = Left Ventricle Works Better
Decreased Preload Effects - Answers -1. Venous Dilation = Decreased Preload =
Decreased Heart Size
2. Decreased Heart Size = Increased Blood Flow to Coronary and Collateral Vessels =
Myocardial Perfusion is Improved
A parasympatholytic drug blocks the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system by?
- Answers -Binding to receptors and blocking the release of acetylcholine.
, Sympathetic Nervous System - Other Name - Answers -Adrenergic Nervous System
Medications typically administered via the subcutaneous route? - Answers -Insulin
Epinephrine
Which of the following is NOT a form of liquid drug? - Answers -Capsule
Which of the following physiologic responses would you expect to occur following
administration of a drug that possesses alpha-1 (α1) properties? - Answers -Peripheral
Vasoconstriction
The function of a drug or the particular action of a drug on an organism is called: -
Answers -Mechanism of Action
Cushing's Reflex (Define) - Answers -Attempt by the body to compensate for a decline
in cerebral perfusion by increasing the mean arteriole pressure.
Cushing's Triad - Answers -SxS of Increased Intracranial Pressure
Increased Systolic Pressure
Widened Pulse Pressure
Decreased Pulse and Respiratory Rate
PAT: Pediatric Assessment Triangle - Answers -General Appearance
Work of Breathing
Circulation to the Skin
TICLS - Answers -Tone
Interactiveness
Consolability (Agitable)
Look (Gaze)
Speech (Cry)
Commotio Cordis - Answers -A direct blow to the thorax during the hearts depolarization
period - possibly causing the patient to experience V-Fib.
Dromotropic Agent - Effect - Answers -Effects the hearts conduction velocity.
Effects the conduction speed of the AV Node, and subsequently the rate of electrical
impulses in the heart.
S3 - Indication - Answers -Most commonly heard in the early stages of L-sided heart
failure.
Coronary Artery Perfusion - Time of Occurrence - Answers -Diastole
Beck's Triad - Answers -Indicates Cardiac Tamponade
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