Psych 111 - Exam 1 Sample Questions With
Complete Solutions |verified 100 % correct
What are the four goals of psychology? - ANSWER • Describe how people and animals
behave
• Understand and explain the causes of behavior
• Predict behaviors/reactions across situations
• Cont...
Psych 111 - Exam 1 Sample Questions With
Complete Solutions |verified 100 % correct
What are the four goals of psychology? - ANSWER • Describe how people and animals
behave
• Understand and explain the causes of behavior
• Predict behaviors/reactions across situations
• Control behavior through understanding its causes and consequences
Bullying: empathy training early
What is psychology? - ANSWER The scientific investigation of mental processes and
behavior
What is the psychoanalytic perspective? - ANSWER • Identified the role of unconscious
forces that determine thoughts, feelings and behavior
• Personality is dependent on early life experiences
• Drives and motivations conflict leading to compromises (defense mechanisms,
symptoms)
• Focus on sexual and aggressive impulses
What did Flourens and Broca do? - ANSWER • Linked mind and behavior
• Showed that damage to the brain can result in impariments of behavior and mental
function
What is consciousness? - ANSWER • A person's subjective experience of the world
and mind
What is structuralism? - ANSWER • The relationship between the basic elements that
constitute the mind
• Introspection: Subjective observation of one's own experience/feelings
• Structure of mental processes
- Elements of consciousness/moments of consciousness
What did Titchener do? - ANSWER • Brought Structuralism to the US
• Relied on the identification of the basic elements
What did William James do? - ANSWER • Built on the principles of introspection and
the study of conscious experiences, but focuses on WHY and the adaptive reasons for
what and how we perceive the real world
• Natural selection
• Functionalism
, What is functionalism? - ANSWER • The study of the function or purpose conscious
mental processes serve in enabling people to adapt to their environment
• We can't divide our memory that well but we think we can
What does psychology reflect the influences of? - ANSWER • Biological processes
• Individual differences (gender, pain)
• Time and culture (we continue to learn more)
Who do many psychologists focus on for studies? - ANSWER Patients with
psychological disorders to understand human behavior
Who influenced the Psychoanalytic perspective? - ANSWER Sigmund Freud
What is the psychoanalytic perspective? - ANSWER • Identified the role of unconscious
forces that determine thoughts, feelings and behavior
• Personality is dependent on early life experiences
• Drives and motivations conflict leading to compromises (defense mechanisms,
symptoms)
• Focus on sexual and aggressive impulses
What did Wilhelm Wundt establish? - ANSWER • The first psychological lab in Leipzig,
Germany
• Taught first class in psych
What did Wundt study? - ANSWER • Consciousness
• Structuralism
What is the theory behind the psychoanalytic perspective? - ANSWER • Unconscious
mental processes shape feelings, thoughts, and behaviors
• They would make us uncomfortable if we knew them
What is a Freudian Slip? - ANSWER • Elements of unconscious processing according
to this perspective
• Supposed to be unconscious but it comes out into the conscious
• We are not in charge of our unconscious
What is the Humanistic perspective? - ANSWER • Said psychoanalytic perspective is
too pessimistic
• Stresses positive potential of all humans
• Believes in free will
• Posits and inherit drive to develop and reach full potential
What is the behaviorist perspective? - ANSWER • Focus on observable behavioral
responses
• Doesn't study mental life at all
• Emphasizes the environmental impact on a person's actions
, • Predict and control behavior in ways that benefit society
Who created the behaviorist perspective? - ANSWER Watson
Who did classical conditioning/what is it? - ANSWER • Pavlov and Watson
• Associative learning pairing stimuli and response
• Footsteps make dogs drool
Who created operative conditioning? - ANSWER Skinner
What is operative conditioning? - ANSWER • Focuses on behaviorist perspective
• Explores reinforcement and punishment as determinants of behavior
• Rewarded for something: increased likelihood you'll repeat the behavior
• Punished: won't repeat behavior
What is social learning theory? By who? - ANSWER • By Bandura
• Behavior is influenced by the observation of others
What is the cognitive perspective? - ANSWER • How one thinks affects behavior and
responses
• Studies the mental processes involved in knowing
• Explores how one understands and then thinks about solving problems
• Storage and retrieval of information
• Mind is like a computer
• How to pay attention to many things at once
What is the Biological/Biopsychological Perspective and cognitive neuroscience -
ANSWER • Understands the mind and behavior through biological processes in the
brain
• Explores the electrical and chemical processes of neurons affecting mood, perception,
cognition and behavior
• Birth defects/damage hurts the brain and affects ability
• Localization of function (Phineas Gage)
What is evolutionary psych? - ANSWER • Understands mind and behavior in terms of
the adaptive selection of traits and functions over time
• Seeks to understand a variety of research findings within this theoretical framework
• Feel nausea faster with smell than with vision
What is developmental psych? - ANSWER • Explores universal aspects of physical,
cognitive and socio-emotional development across the lifespan
• Identifies variations in development across experience
What is social psych? - ANSWER • Individual and group behaviors and responses
across situations
• Causes and consequences
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