Exam (elaborations)
CSET SOCIAL SCIENCE SUBTEST 2 EXAM
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CSET SOCIAL SCIENCE SUBTEST 2 EXAM
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CSET SOCIAL SCIENCE SUBTEST 2 EXAMAmerican Revolution (1775-1783) - ANSWER A period when 13 colonies gained
independence from England. Based on disapproval by colonists of several taxes and
other unpopular laws. Protests lead to fighting in 1775, and after two main British
armies were captured in 1777 and 1781 and an alliance of the colonists with the
French, the Treaty of Paris was signed.
French Revolution (1789) - ANSWER Reacting to the oppressive aristocracy, the
French middle and lower classes overthrew the king and asserted power for
themselves in a violent and bloody revolution. This uprising was inspired by
America's independence from England and the Enlightenment ideas.
Differences between the French Revolution and American Revolution - ANSWER
The British colonists were striking back against unwanted taxation and other sorts of
government interference by the British.
The French people were starving and destitute and were striking back against an
autocratic regime that cared more for high fashion and courtly love than bread and
circuses
The American Revolution involved a years long campaign with bloody battles and
skirmishes while the French Revolution was bloody to a degree but mainly an
overthrow of society and its outdated traditions
The American Revolution resulted in a republican government/democracy while the
French revolution resulted in a consulship, a generalship, and an emperor
Nationalism - ANSWER Loyalty and devotion to a particular nationality
Industrial Revolution - ANSWER A period of rapid growth in the use of machines in
manufacturing and production that began in the mid-1700s
began in Great Britain in the 1700s
The industrial nations seized and claimed parts of Africa and Asia in an effort to
control and provide the raw materials needed to feed the industries and machines in
the mother country
a process of change from an agrarian handicraft economy to one dominated by
industry and machine manufacture
new inventions such as the telegraph, railroad, steam boat, spinning jenny, cotton
gin, use of coal as energy
Many people moved to urban cities where factories were built for new jobs and
manufacturing sites were --> led to overcrowding, pollution, and inadequate
sanitation
,feature of the IR was working-class movements to demand better work
environments, better benefits, and better pay
Liberalism - ANSWER A political ideology that emphasizes the civil rights of citizens,
representative government, and the protection of private property. This ideology,
derived from the Enlightenment, was especially popular among the property-owning
middle classes.
Colonization - ANSWER The expansion of countries into other countries where they
establish settlements and control the people.
European powers carved up Africa in the search of greater resources and influence
over their neighbors --> they eventually did this to Asian and parts of Central and
South America
Communism - ANSWER a political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class
war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person
works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.
Communist states controlled nearly every aspect of society including religion and
economics. The government owned factories and ports, machines and ships. The
income from these goods went to state controlled coffers.
Romanticism - ANSWER 19th century artistic movement that appealed to emotion
rather than reason
Famous Romantic authors included John Keats, William Wordsworth, Victor Hugo,
and Goethe
Realism - ANSWER A 19th century artistic movement in which writers and painters
sought to show life as it is rather than life as it should be
Famous realists include Dickens, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, and Twain
Impressionism - ANSWER An artistic movement that sought to capture a
momentary feel, or impression, of the piece they were drawing
Famous impressionists include Monet, Degas, van Gogh, Manet, Cezanne, Renoir
Cubism - ANSWER an early 20th-century style and movement in art, especially
painting, in which perspective with a single viewpoint was abandoned and use was
made of simple geometric shapes, interlocking planes, and, later, collage.
Famous Cubists include Pablo Picasso
Dadaism - ANSWER An artistic movement of the 1920s and 1930s that attacked all
accepted standards of art and behavior and delighted in outrageous conduct.
, Pop Art - ANSWER an American school of the 1950s that imitated the techniques of
commercial art (as the soup cans of Andy Warhol) and the styles of popular culture
and the mass media
Franco-Prussian War - ANSWER This was a major war between the French and the
Germans in 1871 that brought about the unification of Germany. It was caused by
Otto Von Bismarck altering a telegram from the Prussian King to provoke the French
into attacking Prussia, thus hoping to get the independent German states to unify
with Prussia (which they did, thus creating Germany).
European Imperialism - ANSWER (19th century) The political and economic control
by European powers of areas in Africa, Asia, and the Pacific.
was the harsh and urgent demand for the raw materials needed to fuel and feed the
great Industrial Revolution --> in turn, the colonies would buy these finished
manufactured goods
Europeans justified imperialism by their technological superiority and Christianity to
civilize savages which gave them a right to rule and educate Africans.
Manifest Destiny - ANSWER A notion held by a nineteenth-century Americans that
the United States was destined to rule the continent, from the Atlantic the Pacific.
westward expansion in the United States
Czars - ANSWER Rulers of Russia until 1917; were supposedly appointed by God
and saw themselves as "Gods" of Russia.
1905 Revolution - ANSWER The revolution that began January 1905 with Bloody
Sunday and ended with Nicholas II creating the October Manifesto.
Russo-Japanese War - ANSWER (1904-1905) War between Russia and Japan over
imperial possessions. Japan emerges victorious because of poor Russian
leadership, starving troops, and inferior training and weaponry.
Winter Palace - ANSWER Peter the Great in Russia built in St. Peterburg largely on
influence of Versailles
Father Gapon - ANSWER Leader of the factory workers who assembled before the
czar's palace to petition him on January 1905 (Bloody Sunday). The protests were
crushed by the Palace Guards. Gapon wanted the Czar to end the Russo-Japanese
War. Eventually, Czar Nicholas II signed the October Manifesto which created a
constitutional monarchy
October Manifesto - ANSWER Issued in Russia because of fear of a general strike.
Granted full civil rights and a popular parliament- Duma.
Created a constitutional monarchy, some civil rights, and gave the parliament limited
legislative power
1917 Revolution - ANSWER The Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 resulted in Tsar
Nicholas II getting overthrown and Lenin and the Bolsheviks rising to power. There
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