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PSYC 388- Final Exam/ Practice Exam Questions with Correct Verified Answers – Rated A+
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PSYC 388- Final Exam/ Practice Exam Questions with Correct Verified Answers – Rated A+
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PSYC 388- Final Exam/ Practice Exam Questions withCorrect Verified Answers – Rated A+
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - ANSWER - (level 1) Physiological Needs, (level 2) Safety and Security,
(level 3) Relationships, Love and Affection, (level 4) Self Esteem, (level 5) Self Actualization
Diff between Canada and US in counselling - ANSWER - Counselling in USA grew out of professional
psychology; in Canada grew out of educational psychology.
1980s counselling also changed because of - ANSWER - attention to gender issues and sexual
preferences, feminist theory, renewed emphasis on moral development, challenges of working with
different ethnic and cultural groups.
Lawrence Kohlberg - ANSWER - moral development; presented boys moral dilemmas and studied their
responses and reasoning processes in making moral decisions. Most famous moral dilemma is "Heinz"
who has an ill wife and cannot afford the medication. Should he steal the medication and why?
Four types of validity - ANSWER - content, construct, criterion, and consequential
Reliability - ANSWER - Dependability or trustworthiness of test -- does it produce consistent test scores
when people are retested or tested with similar instrument?
Types of Reliability - ANSWER - test-retest
parallel form -- two equivalent forms of the same test
internal consistency -- scores of two arbitrarily selected parts of test compared.
pg. 1
,Classifications of tests - ANSWER - standardized versus non-standardized,
individual versus group,
speed versus power (time limit versus no limit), performance (moving objects around) compared to
paper and pencil,
and objective versus subjective,
Classification of types of tests - ANSWER - mental ability,
aptitude,
achievement,
interests,
careers,
personality
Criticism of intelligence tests - ANSWER - measure learning but not potential for learning,
do not measure other forms of intelligence,
reveal more about better educational opportunities,
overemphasize mental speed.
Binet - ANSWER - Father of Stanford-Binent Intelligence Scale, published in 1916
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) - ANSWER - the WAIS is the most widely used intelligence test;
contains verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests
What is the purpose of the initial interview? - ANSWER - For counsellor to gather information, and
establish the start of the relationship.
pg. 2
,In first meeting, counsellors need to - ANSWER - get identifying data, info to use as part of psychological,
vocation or psychsocial assessment.
What are some common counsellor responses? - ANSWER - Restatement,
reflection of feeling,
summary of feelings,
request for clarification,
acknowledging nonverbal behaviour.
primary empathy - ANSWER - ability to respond in such a way that it is apparent to both client and
counselor that the counselor has understood the client's major themes.
Advanced empathy - ANSWER - a process of helping a client explore themes, issues, and emotions new
to his or her awareness.
What can foster empathy? - ANSWER - Attentiveness and verbal behaviours that include communications
designed to show a desire to understand or discuss what is important to client.
Nonverbal skills SOLER - ANSWER - face client squarely, open posture, lean toward client, eye contact,
relax
What are non-helpful interview behaviours? - ANSWER - don't give advice, lecture, question, storytell
When are goals unrealistic? - ANSWER - Goals incompatible with personality of client, person does not
wish to work on change, afraid to take personal responsibility.
Dyer and Vriend's criteria for judging effective goals - ANSWER - Goals agreed upon, specific and
measurable, relevant to self-defeating behaviour, behavioural, understandable and easily restated.
Discuss the role of respect in the counselling relationship. How is respect communicated in behavioural
terms? What is the relationship between self-respect and communicating client respect? - ANSWER -
pg. 3
, Respect for the counsellor's time is communicated by showing up to appointments on time, completing
assigned homework, and engaging fully in the therapeutic relationships.
Respect for the client is communicated by listening, not pushing your own agenda by being respectful of
their choices.
A counsellor has to be "whole" in the sense that they're not dealing with unresolved trauma or issues of
their own.
Compare and contrast client-initiated interviews and counsellor-initiated interviews. Which one do you
think is the most effective and why? - ANSWER - Client Initiated Interviews: - requested by client, unsure
of purpose, creates anxiety but can be reduced by having client provide background information
Counsellor Initiated Interview: - first session requested by counsellor and counsellor should state reason
for wanting to see client
Compare and contrast information-oriented first interviews and relationship-oriented first interviews.
Which one do you think is the more effective and why? - ANSWER - Information-Oriented interviews:
If the purpose is to gather info, the structure will be counsellor-focused. The counselor wants the client
to discuss certain subjects and will gather information thought the use of probes, closed-ended
questions and requests for clarification. Responses are aimed at eliciting facts. This kind of information is
often used to complete assessments. Counsellors employed by medical, mental health, correctional,
rehabilitation and social agencies are particularly likely to conduct these interviews.
Identify the different groups of standardized tests. Identify the characteristics of each, and explain the
process a counsellor might follow in selecting a test to use with a client. - ANSWER -
Intelligence/Aptitude:
Attempt to measure general intelligence and special aptitude. Very controversial. Measures certain skills
such as math and verbal ability, but completely omits others. No real universally accepted definition of
the word intelligence. Aptitude tests are designed to tap a narrower range of abilities.
Interest/Career: Measures the relationship between ability and an interest in exercising that ability.
There are resource books available to counsellors to help them navigate the hundreds of available tests.
pg. 4
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