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NSG 533 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM 2 VERSIONS (VERSION A AND B) COMPLETE 400 QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS (100% CORRECT ANSWERS)/ALREADY GRADED A+$18.49
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NSG 533 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1
NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM 2 VERSIONS
(VERSION A AND B) COMPLETE 400
QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED
ANSWERS (100% CORRECT
ANSWERS)/ALREADY GRADED A+
VERSION A
Cells not passing through the cell cycle are in which
phase? - ....ANSWER...G0 phase - These cells are
metabolically active but do not divide
Which proteins function together during each cell
cycle checkpoint to insure that each phase of the cell
cycle has been successfully completed -
....ANSWER...Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and
CDK inhibitors
Which phase of the cell cycle is most crucial? -
....ANSWER...G1-S transition is most crucial event in
cell cycle, referred to as the restriction point
,What are signal transduction pathways? -
....ANSWER...Biochemical mechanisms whereby a
cell communicates with its external environment
Which proteins inhibit apoptosis? -
....ANSWER...Caspases activate cell death
Protein BCL-2 is important inhibitor of apoptosis
Telomere - ....ANSWER...Hundreds of repeat units of
TTAGGG
In relation to telomeres, when does a cell die? -
....ANSWER...Cellular death occurs when telomere
reaches critical short point. Telomeres shorten by
100 base pairs during each cell replication.
Telomerase is normally turned off in adult tissue
which makes it useful as what? - ....ANSWER...A
marker for cancer in test tissue
Where is telomerase transcription turned on? -
....ANSWER...stem cells and [90% of] cancer cells
,Initiation of carcinogenesis -
....ANSWER...Irreversible change in cellular DNA that
may be induced by a variety of chemical, viral, and
physical agents.
Initiation alone will not cause cancer. True or false?
- ....ANSWER...True. Promotion - in most cases
tumor-producing agents are needed to complete the
carcinogenic process
Promotion is associated with __________ exposure -
....ANSWER...prolonged but reversible
The action of promoters may be inhibited by what
means? - ....ANSWER...The action of promoters may
be inhibited by retinoids, vitamin C, NSAIDS and
other means
Promotion followed by initiation (will/will not) cause
cancer? - ....ANSWER...Will NOT
Promoters may produce tumors in what type of cell?
- ....ANSWER...Initiated cells
, What are the three components of carcinogenesis? -
....ANSWER...Initiation
Promotion
Progression
Progression - ....ANSWER...Irreversible process
resulting in genotypic and phenotypic change;
associated with tumor growth, invasion, and
metastasis
Individual susceptibility to malignant transformation
may be influenced by which factors? -
....ANSWER...Genetic factors
Immune function
Environmental exposure to carcinogens
In oncogenesis, what is invasion? -
....ANSWER...Complex process caused by attachment
of neoplastic cells to the basement membrane and
interstitial stroma
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