Exam (elaborations)
NURS8024 Pharm Exam 1- Questions and Answers
- Course
- Institution
NURS8024 Pharm Exam 1- Questions and Answers
[Show more]
Content preview
NURS8024 Pharm Exam 1- Questions and AnswersCytoprotective Compounds Correct Ans-enhance mucosal protection
mechanisms → preventing mucosal injury, ↓ inflammation, promotes healing of existing
ulcers
Sucralfate Correct Ans-complex of aluminum hydroxide and sulfated sucrose
• Small, poorly soluble molecule
• Polymerizes in stomach acid → binds to injured tissue, forms physical barrier coating over
ulcer bed- impairs diffusion of HCl and prevents degradation of mucus by pepsin and acid
• Accelerates healing of peptic ulcers and ↓ recurrence rate
• Stimulates prostaglandin release, mucus and bicarbonate output
• *BIG drawback.... Must be taken qid• used in long-term maintenance therapy to prevent
recurrence
• Requires an acidic pH for activation -should not be administered with H2 antagonists or
antacids
• Little of the drug is absorbed systemically, very well tolerated
• Can interfere w/ absorption of other drugs by binding to them
• Does not prevent NSAID-induced ulcers
Bismuth Compounds Correct Ans-• Coats ulcers → protective layer against acid and pepsin
• May stimulate prostaglandin, mucus, and bicarbonate secretion
• Antimicrobial effect- binds enterotoxins
, NURS8024 Pharm Exam 1- Questions and Answers
• reduces stool frequency & liquidity in acute infectious diarrhea
• Causes black stools- harmless
• Avoid in renal insufficiency
In geriatric patients avoid use of Correct Ans-- antacids that contain magnesium in patients
with renal failure
- sodium-containing antacids because of fluid
retention
Antacids in Pediatrics Correct Ans-Safety not established in children
Antacids during pregnancy and lactation Correct Ans-No FDA category established,
although antacids
generally are considered safe for use in pregnancy
Antisecretory agents Correct Ans-Histamine-2 receptor antagonists
Proton pump inhibitors
Examples of Histamine-2 receptor antagonists Correct Ans-ranitidine, *cimetidine,
famotidine, nizatidine
Examples of Proton pump inhibitors Correct Ans-• omeprazole, esomeprazole
, NURS8024 Pharm Exam 1- Questions and Answers
• Lansoprazole, pantoprazole
• rabeprazole
H2 Receptor antagonists Correct Ans-• MOA
• Acts selectively on H2 receptors in the stomach, blood vessels, and other sites (no effect on
H1 receptors)
• Competitively blocks binding of histamine to H2 receptors
• less effective than PPIs against stimulated secretion
• Four drugs: cimetidine*. ranitidine, famotidine, and nizatidine
• Can inhibit > 90% basal, food-stimulated and nocturnal secretion of gastric acid after a single
dose
• Main clinical use is to inhibit gastric acid secretion
• particularly effective against nocturnal acid secretion
H2 Receptor antagonist ADEs Correct Ans-• H2 antagonists very safe
• ADE < 3% of patients - diarrhea, h/a, fatigue, myalgias, constipation
• Drugs such as ketoconazole, which depend on an acidic medium for gastric absorption, may
not be efficiently absorbed if taken w/ H2 blocker
• Not used for NSAID-induced ulcers
• Better healing and prevention with PPIs
, NURS8024 Pharm Exam 1- Questions and Answers
Cimetidine Correct Ans-• Inhibits cytochrome P450 and can slow metabolism -potentiating
the action of other drugs
• warfarin, diazepam, phenytoin, quinidine,
carbamazepine, theophylline, and imipramine
• Cimetidine can have endocrine effects, acts as a
nonsteroidal antiandrogen. (effects include gynecomastia, galactorrhea, and reduced sperm
count)
Gastric acid secretion by parietal cells of the gastric mucosa are stimulated by Correct Ans-
*acetycholine, histamine, gastrin
Receptor-mediated binding of acetylcholine, histamine, or gastrin results in Correct Ans-
*the activation of protein kinases, which in
turn stimulates the H+/K+-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) proton pump
Gastrin and acetylcholine stimulate release of Correct Ans-histamine
receptor binding of prostaglandin E2 and
somatostatin diminish Correct Ans-gastric acid production
Antacids Correct Ans-weak bases that react with gastric acid to
form water and a salt → diminishing gastric acidity
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller GOLDTUTORS. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $21.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
67474 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now