NU 545 Advance Pathophysiology Unit 2 Exam- University of South Alabama Approved Questions and Correct Answers 2024
Afferent - ANSWER Towards (towards the spinal cord)
Efferent - ANSWER Away From (away from the spinal cord)
Which nerves are incapable of regeneration? - ANSWER ...
NU 545 Advance Pathophysiology Unit
2 Exam- University of South Alabama
Approved Questions and Correct
Answers 2024
B
LU
Afferent - ANSWER Towards (towards the spinal cord)
Efferent - ANSWER Away From (away from the spinal cord)
YC
Which nerves are incapable of regeneration? - ANSWER Neurons in the Central
Nervous System (CNS) do not divide and injury causes permanent loss.
D
TU
Which injury to nerves has better outcomes? Crushed or Severed/Cut - ANSWER
Crushed nerves recover better
ES
How do peripheral nerves repair themselves? - ANSWER Axonal Reaction
Name 8 local changes that occur when an axon is severed - ANSWER 1. Cut end
C
retracts and the axolemma covers the cut end, reducing escape of axoplasm
2. macrophages and Schwann cells begin to phagocytize damaged tissue
A
3. Cell body undergoes chromotolysis, loss of Nissl bodies, and lateral migration of
nucleus
4. Antegrade (wallerian) degeneration occurs in the distal axon
5. Swelling in axon terminal, it degenerates and loses contact with post synaptic
membrane within 7 days
,6. Macrophages and Schwann cells phagocytize remnants of axon terminal
7. Schwann cells proliferate, forming a column or tube of schwann cells enclosed by the
original basal lamina of the endoneurium
8. Retrograde changes occur at the promixal end of the injured axon and are similar to
antegrade changes but only back to the next node of Ranvier
Retrograde changes to the Proximal end of an injured axon only go back to what? -
B
ANSWER The next node of Ranvier
LU
In what time span do new terminal sprouts project from the proximal segment of an
injured axon? - ANSWER 7-14 days
YC
What is the length of growth per day of an injured axon? And what is regrowth limited
to? - ANSWER 1mm/day. Limited to myelinated fibers in the Peripheral Nervous
D
System (PNS)
TU
The closer the injury is to the cell body of a nerve... - ANSWER The greater the
chances that the cell will die and not regenerate
ES
How does the location of an injury among Peripheral Nerves play a factor? - ANSWER
Injured nerves closer to the spinal cord recover slower and poorly because of the long
distance between the cell body and the peripheral termination of the axon.
C
A
Regeneration of axonal constituents in the CNS is limited by what - ANSWER glial
scar formation (gliosis) and the different nature of myelin formed by the oligodendrocyte
What 4 factors do nerve regeneration depend on - ANSWER 1. Location of injury
2. Type of injury (crushing vs cut)
3. Presence of inflammatory responses
, 4. Process of scarring
Weight of Brain and amount of cardiac output received - ANSWER 3lbs and 15-20%
of cardiac output
Prefrontal Area is responsible for what? - ANSWER Goal-oriented behavior, short
term memory, concentration, elaboration of thought and inhibition of limbic area.
B
(emotions)
LU
Premotor area (Brodmann area 6 ) is responsible for what? - ANSWER motor
movement, extrapyramidal system, eye movement, (Brodmann area 8, middle frontal
gyrus)
YC
Primary motor area is responsible for what? - ANSWER Primary voluntary motor =
D
somatotropic organization (Homunculus = little man)
Cerebral cortex controls central impulses for the opposite side of the body.
TU
Control of the opposite side of the body is called what? - ANSWER Contralateral
control
ES
Broca's speech area (Brodmann area 34, 45) is responsible for? - ANSWER Motor
aspect of speech. Speech and language processing, Dysfunction can result in inability to
C
form words. "Expressive aphasia"
A
Somatic sensory input (Brodmann area 3,1,2) is responsible for? - ANSWER
Provides communication between motor and sensory areas, storage, analysis, and
interpretation of stimulus
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