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NURS 8024: Pharmacokinetics/PharmacodynamicsQuestions and Answers
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NURS 8024: Pharmacokinetics/PharmacodynamicsQuestions and Answers
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NURS 8024: Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics-Questions and Answers
Elimination Correct Ans-agent metabolites must be eliminated from body (urine, feces,
bile); urine is most common route of excretion
Enteral drug administration Correct Ans-Easily self-administered & cheap
Drug absorption pathways complicated by first-pass metabolism (drug --> stomach --> liver -->
systemic circulation)
Influenced by food and other drugs
Parenteral drug administration Correct Ans-IV, IM, SQ
More control over actual dose of drug
Goes directly into systemic circulation (bypasses first-pass effect & harsh GI environment)
Some drugs are poorly absorbed through GI
Rapid onset of action
"Can't take it back", infection risk
Inhalation drug administration Correct Ans-Rapid delivery, large surface area (good for
gases, aerosols, respiratory drugs)
Rectal Correct Ans-50% of drug goes to liver for first-pass; 50% bypasses and goes directly
to systemic circulation d/t circulatory drainage from rectum
, NURS 8024: Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics-
Questions and Answers
Passive diffusion Correct Ans-Type of drug transport
Higher concentration --> lower concentration
Active transport Correct Ans-Type of drug transport
Energy dependent
Able to move drug from lower to higher concentration
Endocytosis Correct Ans-Type of drug transport
Transport of large sized molecules
Engulfment of drug molecule by cell membrane and transport into the cell
pH of drugs Correct Ans-Drugs are usually weak acids or weak bases; drug passes readily
through cell membrane when uncharged; acidic drugs release a H+ ion causing a charged
anion to form
Size of drugs Correct Ans-Varies, but smaller size is easier to cross cell membranes
pKa of drug Correct Ans-pH of tissue or fluid when 50% ionization occurs (equalization of
ions and non-ionized molecules)
Lipophillic Correct Ans-AKA hydrophobic
, NURS 8024: Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics-
Questions and Answers
Preferred for drug to be mostly lipophillic to cross cell membranes (made of lipids)
Extremely hydrophobic/lipophillic drugs also poorly absorbed because insoluble in aqueous
body fluids
Some extremely lipophillic drugs are transported in aqueous solutions in the body via carrier
proteins like albumin
Pharmacokinetics Correct Ans-absorption, distribution, elimination of drugs; "what the
body does to the drug"
Pharmacodynamics Correct Ans-actions of the chemical on the organism; "what the drug
does to the body"
Toxicology Correct Ans-branch of pharmacology that deals with undesirable effects of
chemicals on living systems; all substances have potential for toxicity
Pharmacogenomics Correct Ans-genetic variations that cause differences in drug response
among individuals or populations
Pharmacologic agonist Correct Ans-agent binds to and ACTIVATES the receptor, which
directly or indirectly causes an effect; can be full or partial agonist
Pharmacologic antagonist Correct Ans-agent binds to a receptor, competing with other
molecules and preventing binding by other molecules; INHIBITOR
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