Dit is mijn samenvatting van farmacologie voor het vak start to nurse. de samenvatting bevat alles wat voor het examen dient gekent te worden. Hiermee haalde ik een 15/20 voor start to nurse
Samenvatting S2N ; farmacologie
Inhoudstafel
Hoofdstuk 1; Het geneesmiddel.............................................................................................................3
Algemene farmacologische kennis.....................................................................................................3
Definities.........................................................................................................................................3
Oorsprong van geneesmiddelen.....................................................................................................4
Geneesmiddelenontwikkeling........................................................................................................4
Wetgeving......................................................................................................................................5
Naamgeving....................................................................................................................................5
SKP of bijsluiter...............................................................................................................................6
Toedieningswegen en -vormen van geneesmiddelen........................................................................6
Systemische toediening..................................................................................................................6
Lokale toediening...........................................................................................................................7
De werking van een geneesmiddel.....................................................................................................7
Farmaceutische fase.......................................................................................................................7
Farmacokinetische fase..................................................................................................................9
Farmacodynamische fase.............................................................................................................13
Samenvatting....................................................................................................................................16
Hoofdstuk 2; geneesmiddelen voor de behandeling van astma en COPD............................................16
Astma...............................................................................................................................................16
Inhalatiecorticosteroïden (ICS).........................................................................................................16
Bronchodilatatoren..........................................................................................................................17
Opbouw van het zenuwstelsel..........................................................................................................17
Soorten.........................................................................................................................................17
Autonoom zenuwstelsel...............................................................................................................17
Onderdelen autonoom ZS.............................................................................................................17
Sympatische vs parasympatische effecten...................................................................................18
Werking van het ZS...........................................................................................................................18
Omzetting elektrische signaal.......................................................................................................18
Prikkeloverdracht tussen 2 neuronen...........................................................................................18
Prikkeloverdracht naar eindorgaan..............................................................................................19
Neurotransmitters........................................................................................................................19
Het sympatisch ZS.............................................................................................................................19
Opbouw........................................................................................................................................19
Neurotransmitters........................................................................................................................19
1
, Receptoren...................................................................................................................................19
Het parasympatisch ZS.....................................................................................................................20
Onderdelen...................................................................................................................................20
Neurotransmitters........................................................................................................................20
Receptoren...................................................................................................................................20
GM en autonoom ZS.........................................................................................................................20
Overzicht neurotransmitters en receptoren autonoom ZS...........................................................20
Farmacodynamiek........................................................................................................................20
Sympathicomimetica....................................................................................................................20
β₂-mimetica......................................................................................................................................21
Hoofdstuk 3; geneesmiddelen bij hoge bloeddruk (hypertensie).........................................................21
De arteriële bloeddruk......................................................................................................................21
Soorten.........................................................................................................................................21
Arteriële hypertensie........................................................................................................................21
Definitie en risico’s.......................................................................................................................21
De behandeling van hypertensie......................................................................................................22
Soorten interventies.....................................................................................................................22
Antihypertensiva..............................................................................................................................22
Soorten.........................................................................................................................................22
Bèta-blokker: effecten..................................................................................................................22
Bèta-blokkers: indicaties en soorten............................................................................................22
Bèta-blokker: bijwerkingen...........................................................................................................23
Bèta-blokker: voorbeelden...........................................................................................................23
Bèta-blokkers: oculaire toepassingen...........................................................................................23
Remmers van Angiotensine Converting Enzyme..........................................................................23
ACE-remmers: werking.................................................................................................................23
ACE-remmers: effecten.................................................................................................................23
ACE-remmers: indicaties en bijwerkingen....................................................................................24
ACE-remmers: voorbeelden..........................................................................................................24
Sartanen: werking en effect..........................................................................................................24
Sartanen: indicaties, bijwerkingen en voorbeelden......................................................................24
ACE-remmers vs Sartanen : farmacodynamiek.............................................................................24
Calciumantagonisten: werking.....................................................................................................24
Calciumantagonisten: effecten.....................................................................................................25
Calciumantagonisten: indicatie en bijwerkingen..........................................................................25
Calciumantagonisten: voorbeelden..............................................................................................25
2
, Overzicht......................................................................................................................................25
Diuretica: werking en indicatie.....................................................................................................25
Diuretica: effect en bijwerkingen..................................................................................................26
Diuretica: soorten.........................................................................................................................26
Hoofdstuk 4; laxativa en antidiarreïca..................................................................................................26
Laxativa.............................................................................................................................................26
Zwelmiddelen (volume van stoelgang verhogen).........................................................................26
Vloeibare paraffine (stoelgang zachter maken)............................................................................27
Osmotische laxativa (water aantrekken met als gevolg verzwakken van faeces).........................27
Contactlaxativa.............................................................................................................................27
Rectale laxativa.............................................................................................................................28
Antidiarreïca.....................................................................................................................................28
Transitinhibitoren (verminderen de peristaltiek)..........................................................................28
Secretieremmers..........................................................................................................................29
Adsorbentia en adstringentia (vermindert vrijstelling van toxines)..............................................29
Probiotica en postbiotica..............................................................................................................30
Hoofdstuk 5: geneesmiddelen bij infectie............................................................................................30
Inleiding............................................................................................................................................30
Soorten micro-organismen...........................................................................................................30
Antiseptica en desinfectantia...........................................................................................................30
Effecten.........................................................................................................................................30
Voorbeelden.................................................................................................................................31
Voordelen antiseptica t.ov. Antibiotica........................................................................................31
Nadelen antiseptica t.ov. Antibiotica............................................................................................31
Basisbegrippen antibiotica................................................................................................................31
Werkingsmechanisme..................................................................................................................31
Antibiogram..................................................................................................................................32
Resistentie....................................................................................................................................32
Indeling antibiotica...........................................................................................................................33
Bacteriële doelwitten (farmacodynamiek)...................................................................................33
Hoofdstuk 1; Het geneesmiddel
Algemene farmacologische kennis
Definities
Geneesmiddel, farmacon, medicijn = Elke enkelvoudige of samengestelde substantie met
diagnostische, therapeutische of profylactische eigenschappen voor mens of dier
3
, Farmaologie = De wetenschap die de wisselwerking tussen levende organismen en scheikundige
stoffen onderzoekt
Humane farmacologie (geneesmiddelenleer) = Farmaceutische wetenschap die zich richt op de
interactie tussen geneesmiddelen en het menselijk lichaam
Farmacotherapie = Het gebruik van geneesmiddelen (farmaca) voor de diagnose, preventie of
behandeling van ziekten. De farmacotherapeutisch behandelingen kan men onderverdelen in
causale, symptomatische of substitutietherapie
Werkzame bestanddelen: het gedroogde melksap van de slaapbol (Papaver somniferum). Het
gedroogde melksap van de slaapbol bevat o.a. codeïne en morfine
Indicatie: cardiovasculaire preventie
Werkzame bestanddelen: salicine uit Salix alba (schietwilg) wordt in het lichaam omgezet tot
acetylsalicylzuur. Acetylsalicylzuur heeft analgetische, antipyretische en anti-inflammatoire
eigenschappen. In lage dosis (75-100 mg) werkt acetylsalicylzuur als anti-aggregans
Het antibioticum penicilline vindt zijn oorsprong in de natuur. De penicillium schimmel produceert dit
antibioticum als bescherming tegen bacteriën
Dierlijk
De eerste bronnen van insuline waren van dierlijke oorsprong (bv. varken). Momenteel is insuline het
resultaat van biotechnologische technieken
Mineraal
Alumiumoxide: neutralisatie van maagzuur bij reflux.
Talk (een vorm van magnsiumsilicaat): absorbeert vocht op de huid
Scheikundig
Geneesmiddelenontwikkeling
Ontwikkeling van een geneesmiddel -> de weg van een mogelijks farmacologisch werkzame stof naar
een nieuw geneesmiddel, dat veilig en werkzaam is -> tijdrovend, inefficiënt en duur proces met geen
garantie op succes.
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