NU 545 Chapter 7 Exam Questions
with All Correct Answers
Which bacteria are resistant to killing by granulocytes and can survive in macrophages?
- Answer- TB, leprosy, typhoid fever, brucellosis. Listeriosis
activated macrophages - Answer- enhanced to increase their phagocytic capabilities.
M1-activated through TLRs by substances found in sites of inflammation. Produce NO
and cytokines, release lysosomal granules = greater killing capacity
M2-activated by cytokines produced by sunsets of T cells. Involved in healing and
repair.
natural killer cells (NK cells) - Answer- pursue diseased cells (such as those infected by
viruses or cancer)
3 primary systemic changes associated with acute inflammatory response - Answer-
Fever, leukocytosis, plasma protein synthesis
fever - Answer- Early systemic response induced by specific cytokines known as
endogenous pyrogens
leukocyctosis - Answer- increase in WBC. During infection, accompanied by a LEFT
SHIFT in ration of immature to mature neutrophils (ex: bands)
Acute phase reactants - Answer- Proteins which can be proinflammatory or anti
inflammatory which are produced in the LIVER. Increased during inflammation. Ex:
fibrinogen.
chronic inflammation - Answer- 2 weeks+. Sometimes preceded by unsuccessful acute
inflammatory response. Can occur without previous acute inflammation. Characterized
by a dense infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages.
Granuloma - Answer- Body attempts to walk off and isolate infected area. Formed by
epithelium cells and giant cells. Ex: TB granuloma-wall of epithelium cells surrounding
cheeselike center of dead tissue.
Regeneration - Answer- replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells
repair - Answer- replacement of destroyed tissue with scar tissue
, scar tissue - Answer- Composed primarily of collagen to restore the tensile strength of
the tissue
Wound healing process - Answer- Fill in, seal(epithelialization), shrink(contraction)
Primary intention healing - Answer- Occurs where the tissue surfaces have been
approximated, and there is minimal or no tissue loss
Secondary intention healing - Answer- wound in which the tissue surfaces are not
approximated and there is extensive tissue loss; formation of excessive granulation
tissue and scarring
compensatory hyperplasia - Answer- adaptive mechanism that enables certain organs
to regenerate
Phases of wound healing - Answer- inflammatory, proliferative, maturation
Inflammatory phase of wound healing - Answer- Coagulation and infiltration of cells that
participate in wound healing (platelets, neuts, macs)
debridement - Answer- Dissolution of fibrin clots(scabs) by fibrinolytic enzymes
proliferative phase - Answer- Macrophage invasion, recruitment of fibroblasts, collagen
synthesis, epithelialization, contraction of wound, cellular differentiation.
Transforming growth factor beta - Answer- Stimulates fibroblasts entering lesion
Angiogenesis factors - Answer- substances that stimulate the growth of new blood
vessels. One of the best known is vascular endothelial growth factor; others include
those derived from fibroblasts and platelets.
Cathelicidins - Answer- Family of antimicrobial peptides that in humans has one
member.
Defensins - Answer- antimicrobial peptides that inhibit microbial growth
Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) - Answer- soluble acute-phase protein in the blood that
binds to mannose residues on pathogen surfaces and, when bound, activates the
complement system by the lectin pathway
Resistin-like molecule beta - Answer- Found in intestinal goblet cells, where it appears
to protect against helminth infections.
Antimicrobial lectins - Answer- Lectin (carbohydrate binding protein) family with activity
against Gram+ bacteria; C-type lectins
with All Correct Answers
Which bacteria are resistant to killing by granulocytes and can survive in macrophages?
- Answer- TB, leprosy, typhoid fever, brucellosis. Listeriosis
activated macrophages - Answer- enhanced to increase their phagocytic capabilities.
M1-activated through TLRs by substances found in sites of inflammation. Produce NO
and cytokines, release lysosomal granules = greater killing capacity
M2-activated by cytokines produced by sunsets of T cells. Involved in healing and
repair.
natural killer cells (NK cells) - Answer- pursue diseased cells (such as those infected by
viruses or cancer)
3 primary systemic changes associated with acute inflammatory response - Answer-
Fever, leukocytosis, plasma protein synthesis
fever - Answer- Early systemic response induced by specific cytokines known as
endogenous pyrogens
leukocyctosis - Answer- increase in WBC. During infection, accompanied by a LEFT
SHIFT in ration of immature to mature neutrophils (ex: bands)
Acute phase reactants - Answer- Proteins which can be proinflammatory or anti
inflammatory which are produced in the LIVER. Increased during inflammation. Ex:
fibrinogen.
chronic inflammation - Answer- 2 weeks+. Sometimes preceded by unsuccessful acute
inflammatory response. Can occur without previous acute inflammation. Characterized
by a dense infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages.
Granuloma - Answer- Body attempts to walk off and isolate infected area. Formed by
epithelium cells and giant cells. Ex: TB granuloma-wall of epithelium cells surrounding
cheeselike center of dead tissue.
Regeneration - Answer- replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells
repair - Answer- replacement of destroyed tissue with scar tissue
, scar tissue - Answer- Composed primarily of collagen to restore the tensile strength of
the tissue
Wound healing process - Answer- Fill in, seal(epithelialization), shrink(contraction)
Primary intention healing - Answer- Occurs where the tissue surfaces have been
approximated, and there is minimal or no tissue loss
Secondary intention healing - Answer- wound in which the tissue surfaces are not
approximated and there is extensive tissue loss; formation of excessive granulation
tissue and scarring
compensatory hyperplasia - Answer- adaptive mechanism that enables certain organs
to regenerate
Phases of wound healing - Answer- inflammatory, proliferative, maturation
Inflammatory phase of wound healing - Answer- Coagulation and infiltration of cells that
participate in wound healing (platelets, neuts, macs)
debridement - Answer- Dissolution of fibrin clots(scabs) by fibrinolytic enzymes
proliferative phase - Answer- Macrophage invasion, recruitment of fibroblasts, collagen
synthesis, epithelialization, contraction of wound, cellular differentiation.
Transforming growth factor beta - Answer- Stimulates fibroblasts entering lesion
Angiogenesis factors - Answer- substances that stimulate the growth of new blood
vessels. One of the best known is vascular endothelial growth factor; others include
those derived from fibroblasts and platelets.
Cathelicidins - Answer- Family of antimicrobial peptides that in humans has one
member.
Defensins - Answer- antimicrobial peptides that inhibit microbial growth
Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) - Answer- soluble acute-phase protein in the blood that
binds to mannose residues on pathogen surfaces and, when bound, activates the
complement system by the lectin pathway
Resistin-like molecule beta - Answer- Found in intestinal goblet cells, where it appears
to protect against helminth infections.
Antimicrobial lectins - Answer- Lectin (carbohydrate binding protein) family with activity
against Gram+ bacteria; C-type lectins
