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Psychology 200 NOVA EXAM 1 Study Guide
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Psychology 200 NOVA EXAM 1 Study Guide
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Psychology 200 NOVA EXAM 1 Study GuidePsychology - ANSWER the scientific study of mind and behavior
Mind - ANSWER The private inner experience of perceptions, thoughts, memories,
and feelings.
Behavior - ANSWER Observable actions of human beings and nonhuman animals.
3 Key Questions in Psychology - ANSWER How do we perceive the electrical and
chemical activity in our brains as things like thoughts, feelings, and behavior?
How do our minds respond to, and learn from, the world around us so quickly, and in
ways that ensure our survival?
What leads the mind to function so ineffectively in some people, such as in those
who experience hallucinations, dramatic mood swings, or intense urges to end their
own lives?
Nativism - ANSWER The philosophical view that certain kinds of knowledge are
innate or inborn.
Does Nativism reflect "Nature" or "Nurture"? - ANSWER Nuture
How did work with brain damaged patients help establish a mind- body connection? -
ANSWER When Paul Broca worked with a patient who had suffered damage to a
small part of the left side of the brain the patient was virtually unable to speak yet
was able to understand everything that was said and could communicate using
gestures. Broca had the crucial insight that damage to a specific part of the brain
impaired a specific mental function, clearly demonstrating that the mind and body are
linked.
Who is credited as being the founder of psychology including teaching its first course
and opening its first lab in 1879? - ANSWER Wilhelm Wundt
consciousness - ANSWER A person's subjective experience of the world and the
mind.
How did Wundt study consciousness using stimuli and reaction time? - ANSWER He
would train his human participants to respond after he applied pressure. He would
then use the time of the stimulus to the time reacted as his basis for how long nerve
impulses took to reach the brain and respond.
Structuralism - ANSWER The analysis of the basic elements that constitute the
mind.
Introspection - ANSWER The subjective observation of one's own experience.
,What is the problem with using introspection as a research method? - ANSWER
People see things differently due to their own experiences so using this method for
research would pose a problem since there would be no consistency.
Functionalism - ANSWER The study of how mental processes enable people to
adapt to their environments.
William James ideas on how consciousness should be studied? - ANSWER He
thought of consciousness like a flowing stream and to understand it, you needed to
understand it in its entirety.
Wundt's ideas on how consciousness should be studied? - ANSWER He thought
consciousness could be broken down into separate elements.
Charles Darwin's Theory (Natural Selection) - ANSWER The features of an organism
that help it survive and reproduce are more likely than other features to be passed
on to subsequent generations.
Hysteria - ANSWER A temporary loss of cognitive or motor functions, usually as a
result of emotionally upsetting experiences.
Unconscious - ANSWER The part of the mind that operates outside of conscious
awareness but influences conscious thoughts, feelings, and actions.
Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory - ANSWER An approach that emphasizes the
importance of unconscious mental processes in shaping feelings, thoughts, and
behaviors.
Psychoanalysis - ANSWER A therapeutic approach that focuses on bringing
unconscious material into conscious awareness to better understand psychological
disorders.
Criticism of Psychoanalysis - ANSWER The Victorian Era thought it was "dirty".
Nowadays we think its unscientific. People don't like it when You analyze them.
Humanistic Psychology - ANSWER An approach to understanding human nature
that emphasizes the positive potential of human beings.
The Founder(s) of Humanistic Psychology - ANSWER Abraham Maslow and Carl
Rogers
Behaviorism - ANSWER An approach that advocates that psychologists restrict
themselves to the scientific study of objectively observable behavior.
S-R Psychology - ANSWER A stimulus-response psychology.
What psychologist is associated with behaviorism? - ANSWER John Broadus
Watson
, Criticisms of Behaviorism - ANSWER This approach was 1 sided (dimensional) and
doesn't account for Free Will.
Gesalt Psychology - ANSWER A psychological approach that emphasizes that we
often perceive the whole rather than the sum of the parts.
Cognitive Psychology - ANSWER The scientific study of mental processes, including
perception, thought, memory, and reasoning.
What is behavioral Neuroscience? - ANSWER An approach to psychology that links
psychological processes to activities in the Nervous System and other bodily
processes.
Evolutionary Psychology - ANSWER A psychological approach that explains mind
and behavior in terms of the adaptive value of abilities that are preserved over time
by natural selection.
Social Psychology - ANSWER The study of the cases and consequences of
sociality.
Cultural Psychology - ANSWER The study of how cultures reflect and shape the
psychological processes of their members.
Empiricism - ANSWER The belief that accurate knowledge can be acquired through
observation.
Scientific Method - ANSWER A procedure for finding the truth using empirical
evidence.
Theory - ANSWER A hypothetical explanation of a natural phenomenon.
Hypothesis - ANSWER A falsifiable prediction made by a theory.
Operational Definition - ANSWER A description of a property in terms of some
concrete, observable event.
Validity - ANSWER The extent to which a concrete, observable event indicates the
property.
Reliability - ANSWER The tendency for an instrument to produce the same
measurement every time it's used to measure the same thing.
Demand Characteristics - ANSWER Those aspects of an observational setting that
cause people to behave as they think someone else wants or expects.
How can Demand Characteristics be a problem when observing people? - ANSWER
People may change their behavior just because they are aware that someone else is
watching and possibly judging their actions/decisions.
What refers to whether a measure is consistent? - ANSWER Reliablility
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