N491 Med-Surg HESI Practice Exam/ Questions with Correct
Verified Answers – Latest Update 2024/ Rated A+
The nurse is assessing a client with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Which finding is most important for the
nurse to respond to first?
A. Peripheral neuropathy.
B. Potassium 6.0 mEq.
C. Uremic fetor.
D. Daily urine output of 400 ml. - ANSWER - B. Potassium 6.0 mEq.
During assessment of a client with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which finding should the nurse
identify when planning care for this client?
A. Muscle weakness.
B. A decline in cognitive function.
C. Abnormal involuntary movements.
D. Urinary frequency. - ANSWER - A. Muscle weakness.
A client with multiple sclerosis has experienced an exacerbation of symptoms, including paresthesias,
diplopia, and nystagmus. Which instruction should the nurse provide?
A. Restrict intake of high protein foods.
B. Schedule extra rest periods.
C. Stay out of direct sunlight.
D. Go to the emergency room immediately. - ANSWER - B. Schedule extra rest periods.
The nurse is assessing a client's laboratory values following administration of chemotherapy. Which lab
value leads the nurse to suspect that the client is experiencing tumor lysis syndrome (TLS)?
pg. 1
,A. Oxygen saturation of 90%.
B. Serum calcium of 5 mg/dL.
C. Hemoglobin of 10 g/dL.
D. Serum PTT of 10 seconds. - ANSWER - B. Serum calcium of 5 mg/dL
TLS results in hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, hyperuricemia, and hyperphosphatemia.
A client has been taking oral corticosteroids for the past five days because of seasonal allergies. Which
assessment finding is of most concern to the nurse?
A. Purulent sputum.
B. Excessive hunger.
C. White blood count of 10,000 mm3.
D. Serum glucose of 115 mg/dl. - ANSWER - A. Purulent sputum.
Which description of pain is consistent with a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis?
A. Joint pain is worse in the morning and involves symmetric joints.
B. Joint pain is worse during the day and involves unilateral joints.
C. Joint pain is better in the morning and worsens throughout the day.
D. Joint pain is consistent throughout the day and is relieved by pain medication. - ANSWER - A. Joint
pain is worse in the morning and involves symmetric joints.
A 46-year-old female client is admitted for acute renal failure secondary to diabetes and hypertension.
Which test is the best indicator of adequate glomerular filtration?
A. Sedimentation rate.
B. Urine specific gravity.
C. Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN).
D. Serum creatinine. - ANSWER - D. Serum creatinine.
BUN is also an indicator of renal activity, but it can be affected by non-renal factors such as hypovolemia
and increased protein intake.
pg. 2
,What types of medications should the nurse expect to administer to a client during an acute respiratory
distress episode?
A. Anticoagulants and expectorants.
B. Vasodilators and hormones.
C. Bronchodilators and steroids.
D. Analgesics and sedatives. - ANSWER - C. Bronchodilators and steroids.
A client who was in a motor vehicle collision was admitted to the hospital and the right knee was placed
in skeletal traction. The nurse has documented this nursing diagnosis in the client's medical record:
"Potential for impairment of skin integrity related to immobility from traction." Which nursing
intervention is indicated based on this diagnosis statement?
A. Release the traction q4h to provide skin care.
B. Give back care after the client is released from traction.
C. Provide back and skin care while maintaining the traction.
D. Turn the client for back care while suspending traction. - ANSWER - C. Provide back and skin care
while maintaining the traction.
Which postmenopausal client's complaint should the nurse refer to the healthcare provider?
A. Episodes of vaginal bleeding.
B. Breasts feel lumpy when palpated.
C. Excessive diaphoresis occurs at night.
D. History of white nipple discharge. - ANSWER - A. Episodes of vaginal bleeding.
A 20-year-old female client calls the nurse to report a lump she found in her breast. Which response is
the best for the nurse to provide?
A. "If you are in your menstrual period it is not a good time to check for lumps."
B. "Check it again in one month, and if it is still there schedule an appointment."
C. "Most lumps are benign, but it is always best to come in for an examination."
D. "Try not to worry too much about it, because usually, most lumps are benign." - ANSWER - C. "Most
lumps are benign, but it is always best to come in for an examination."
pg. 3
, The nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a client who is newly diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Which clinical cues should the nurse describe when teaching the client about hypoglycemia?
A. Fruity breath, tachypnea, chest pain.
B. Sweating, trembling, tachycardia.
C. Nausea, vomiting, anorexia.
D. Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia. - ANSWER - B. Sweating, trembling, tachycardia.
The nurse working in a postoperative surgical clinic is assessing a woman who had a left radical
mastectomy for breast cancer. Which factor puts this client at greatest risk for developing lymphedema?
A. She sustained an insect bite to her left arm yesterday.
B. Her healthcare provider now prescribes a calcium channel blocker for hypertension.
C. She has lost twenty pounds since the surgery.
D. Her hobby is playing classical music on the piano. - ANSWER - A. She sustained an insect bite to her
left arm yesterday.
The nurse is teaching a female client about the best time to plan sexual intercourse in order to conceive.
Which information should the nurse provide?
A. Two weeks before menstruation.
B. Low basal temperature.
C. First thing in the morning.
D. Vaginal mucous discharge is thick. - ANSWER - A. Two weeks before menstruation.
A 58-year-old client who has been post-menopausal for five years is concerned about the risk for
osteoporosis because her mother has the condition. Which information should the nurse offer?
A. Osteoporosis is a progressive genetic disease with no effective treatment.
B. Low-dose corticosteroid treatment effectively halts the course of osteoporosis.
C. Estrogen replacement therapy should be started to prevent the progression osteoporosis.
D. Calcium loss from bones can be slowed by increasing calcium intake and exercise. - ANSWER - D.
Calcium loss from bones can be slowed by increasing calcium intake and exercise.
pg. 4
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