Subdural hematoma? - correct answer. bleeding between covering of brain (dura)
and surface of brain. Compress brain tissue , leadin to brain dead. Most pt do not
recover.
Epidural hematoma? - correct answer. covering of the brain (dura) peel away from
skull (from skull fracture). Wake up and die. Changes in vital signs are late signs.
SubArachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)? - correct answer. aneurysm of artery in brain,
causing rupture. This is a type of hemorhagic stroke. Risk for repeated bleeding is 35%
within. First 14 days post first bleed. Vasospasm is a common complication of SAH.
Cerebral angiogram can dx cerebral aneurysm. A ruptured aneurysm has a risk for
death of 40% , 08% disable after rupture.
Normal ICP for adult? - correct answer. less than 15mmHg. When treating high ICP,
the goal is to be 20 mmHg ICP.
What is cushing's triad? - correct answer. three symptoms that indicate brian
damage from high ICP. BRADYCARDIA, RESP DEPRESSION, HYPERTENSION.
What factors increase ICP? - correct answer. suction, any stimulations.
Glascow score of 5 indicate? - correct answer.
Cerebral angiogram? - correct answer. visualize cerebral blood flow and blood
vessels. Can remove clot in bv at time of process. Insertion of dye through femoral
, artery. Pt lies flat. Indicated for: atherosclerosis, dissection, tumor, aneurysm, av
malformation, stroke. Not for kidney failure, bleeding issue, allergic to dye (iodine&
shellfish). Cerebral angiogram can dx cerebral aneurysm. A ruptured aneurysm has a
risk for death of 40% , 08% disable after rupture.
Av malformation? - correct answer. l connection between artery and vein without
capillary bed between in brain blood vessels. Leading to high pressure in veins (as vein
is receiving blood too quick!-> weaken bv-> risk aneurysm.
WHY IS AVM BAD? - correct answer. 1 risk of aneurysm rupture. 2 enlarged avm
will put pressure on surrounding brain. 3 cells that only gets oxy from capillary bed will
die.
Types of AV MALFORMATION? - correct answer. dural fistula, venous
malformation, cavernoma, capillary telangiectasia.
two locations of AVM? - correct answer. BRAIN & SPINE.
treatment for avm? - correct answer. embolization - deliver glue/ obstructive
materials into avm, thus, blood cant flow into avm to cause rupture.
what test is used to locate what part of the brain is damaged by seizure or stroke. this
test combines both neuroimaging anf neuropsychological tests? - correct answer.
wada test- inject barbiturate into carotid artery to shut down one brian hemisphere and
evaluate the opposite hemisphere..
How to know if a person will be allergic to angiogram dye? - correct answer. allergic
to iodine and shellfish.
A pt with cerebral aneurysm is dx. What can the medical team do to secure it in
preventing rupture of the aneurysm? - correct answer. clipping , endovascular
coiling.
What is the procedure of opening the skull? - correct answer. craniotomy.
What is clipping? - correct answer. clip at the neck of aneurysm to block normal
blood floe from entering; thus, stop it from stretching further and eventually rupture.
What is endovascular coiling? - correct answer. fill aneurysm with spiral coil to stop
blood from filling the aneurysm; thus, prevent high blood pressure from rupturing. Post
coiling : extremity straight, neuro check, watch for stroke.
Carotid stenting? - correct answer. place a stent to keep carotid artery open.
Complications: increase risk for stroke by 10%. , Mi 5%, bleeding, formation of clots in
stent.
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