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Exam (elaborations)

CDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

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CDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

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  • September 25, 2024
  • 77
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • CDE
  • CDE
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79 Multiple choice questions

Term 1 of 79
Possible side effects of Ginseng

lowers warfarin effectiveness
May cause edema, increase blood pressure and anxiety

May slow carb absorption from it's fiber content;
can decrease FBS, TG's, LDL and A1C
Accelerates defecation (cathartic)

Increased. This is what Metformin helps with... to help decrease this overproduction

Lantus onset 2-4 hours; no peak action

Term 2 of 79
Which drug class is involved in the up-regulation of genes that transcribe GLUT-4 transporters-
-take 8-12 weeks to reach full efficacy, and increases insulin sensitivity?

Amylin mimetics (symlin), incretin mimetics (glp-1); dpp-4

Fibrates (fenofibrate--tricor, antara and gemfibrozil-- lopid)


Lispro (humalog)
aspart (novolog)
glulisine (apidra)
regular


Thiazolinediones (TZD)

Term 3 of 79
Microalbuminuria is a clinical indicator of what?

continuous quality improvement


nephropathy

glucotrol


nephroptosis

,Term 4 of 79
In type 2 diabetes is alpha cell secretion of glucagon is... Why?

Increased. Bc of the loss of amylin secretion (which blocks glucagon secretion) most
people with diabetes produce extra glucagon when they eat

Fluctuating. glucagon levels vary widely in type 2 diabetes due to irregular amylin
secretion


Unchanged. the presence of amylin has no impact on glucagon secretion in type 2
diabetes


Decreased. due to the increase in amylin secretion, glucagon production is reduced in
individuals with type 2 diabetes

Term 5 of 79
Medication recommended for normal weight individuals with type 2 diabetes whose post
prandial glucose is elevated.

Behavioral Objective or Goal

Basal Insulin or Intermediate-acting Insulin

Sulfonylureas or Meglitinides

Glp-1s or Sglt-2s

Term 6 of 79
MOA of Alpha Lipoic Acid

Decreased: muscle glucose uptake is impaired in people with type 2 diabetes

increases insulin sensitivity
may help minimize sx of neuropathy
no serious side effects


Diarrhea and abdominal discomfort.
Lactic acidosis if poor kidney function or heavy ETOH use

Increased. This is what Metformin helps with... to help decrease this overproduction

,Term 7 of 79
What herbal supplements are related to lower blood glucose levels?

turmeric, lavender, peppermint, ginger, chamomile, valerian, echinacea, ashwagandha,
hibiscus, spirulina, dandelion.


vitamin c, vitamin d, vitamin e, vitamin k, vitamin b12, vitamin a, vitamin b6, vitamin b1,
vitamin b2, vitamin b3, vitamin b5.

garlic, oregano, thyme, basil, parsley, sage, rosemary, cilantro, mint, chives, tarragon.

cinnamon, gymnema, fenugreek, bitter melon, ginseng, nopal, aloe, berberine, bitter
melon, chromium, milk thistle.

Term 8 of 79
Which complication of DM has the highest rate of death in TYPE 1 and 2 DM

CAD

CHF

CVD


NTR

Term 9 of 79
Which cholesterol Rx not recommended for DM

Statins like atorvastatin which help lower cholesterol levels

Ace inhibitors like lisinopril which are used for blood pressure control

Bile acids resins (Colesevelam/Welchol) because they often increase triglycerides levels
which are already elevated on DM


Metformin which is commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes

, Term 10 of 79
Which drug class tells pancreas to release more insulin?

28 Days


Chf

Intermediate And Post-intermediate Outcomes

Sulfonylureasmeglitinides

Term 11 of 79
Benefits and possible side effects of Aloe

decreased
-type 1 make none (bc no beta cell fxn)
-type 2 makes less than normal amounts (bc of limited beta cell capacity)

May slow carb absorption from it's fiber content;
can decrease FBS, TG's, LDL and A1C
Accelerates defecation (cathartic)

Increased. Bc of the loss of amylin secretion (which blocks glucagon secretion) most
people with diabetes produce extra glucagon when they eat

Glucagon is a pancreatic hormone that raises the blood glucose level by stimulating the
liver to release stored glucose

Term 12 of 79
Metformin can reduce chol and TG's but may also promote B-12 deficiency - true or false

True

CHF

Not recommended if:
creatinine is over 1.4 females and 1.5 males.
GFR <60
Liver disease or alcohol abuser
Over 80 years old check renal fxn
Use of diuretics or CHF meds

Immediate outcomes

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