Exam (elaborations)
NR 293 Pharmacology
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Exam of 10 pages for the course NR 293 Pharmacology at NR 293 Pharmacology (NR 293 Pharmacology)
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NR 293 Pharmacology | Exam 1 Study GuidePharmaceutics - ANSWER The dosage form the determines the rate of drug
dissolution
Pharmacodynamics - ANSWER therapeutic effects /the way the drugs act on the
body
"what the drug does to the body"
Pharmacokinetics - ANSWER what the body does to the drugs
ADME
ADME - ANSWER absorption
distribution
metabolism
Excretion
Absorption - ANSWER being absorbed by the tissue; relates to route of medication
fastest to slowest route of medication by mouth - ANSWER sublingual
liquid suspension
capsule
tablet
enteric coated tablet
extended release tablet
bio-availability - ANSWER amount of drug that actually reaches circulation
paternal drugs have.... - ANSWER 100% initial bio-availability because they bypass
the liver
first pass effect - ANSWER initial liver metabolism
Oral drugs - ANSWER are metabolized in the liver prior to the blood stream and will
NOT have the same bio-availability as IV drugs
drugs NOT affected by first pass effect - ANSWER IV, sublingiual, transdermal path,
suppository(parenteral)
durgs affected by first pass effect - ANSWER Elixir, tablets, capsules (enternal)
Half/Life - ANSWER the time it takes for 1/2 the drug to be eliminated in the body
Distribution - ANSWER how drugs become available to action site
Distribution sites - ANSWER plasma, interstitual fluid, intracellular fluid, transcellular
fluid
, Fast distribution - ANSWER Heart and Liver
Slow Distribution - ANSWER Muscle, Fat, Skin
Protein binding - ANSWER many drug bind to protein in the blood, if a person has a
lower albumin level, free drugs will circulate causing toxicity of the drug,
Normal albumin level prescribed more then one medication= - ANSWER decrease
in dose to avoid drug toxicity
low albumin level = - ANSWER fewer protein binding site which can lead to toxicity
commonly used protein bound drugs - ANSWER furosemide
aspirin
Ibuprofen
Lorazepam
Erythromycin
Diazepam
Normal albumin level - ANSWER 3.5-5.5g/dL
Metabolism - ANSWER use and transformation of drugs so that they can be
excreted from the body
Main points of metabolsim - ANSWER kidney and liver
Neonates/infants and metabolism - ANSWER have immature liver and kidneys
causing them to have decreased or poor metabolism and excretion of drugs
Fast acetylators vs slow acetylators - ANSWER genetic condition that affect how the
liver metabolizes drugs
-slow acetylators=dosage rate lowered because drug is not processed as quickly
Excretion(final step) - ANSWER drugs are excreted through liver, kidneys, hair, skin,
saliva etc.
Major organs in metabolizing and excreting drugs - ANSWER liver and kidneys
Excretion is VERY important in who - ANSWER very young (immature kidney/liver)
elderly (aging liver/kidney)
six rights of medication adminsitration - ANSWER right patient
right drug
right route
right dose
right time
right documentation
Medication error: if part of an order is missing.... - ANSWER always notify the
prescriber
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