PHYS 261 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Quaternary structure - ANSWER Formed when multiple tertiary structures come
together in a protein
Cation - ANSWER A positively-charged ion
Carbonic acid bicarbonate system - ANSWER An important buffer in the human
body
Secondary structure - ANSWER Examples include the alpha-helix and B-sheets in
proteins
Cholesterol - ANSWER A precursor to steroid hormones and a component of animal
cell membranes
pH - ANSWER Less than 7 indicates acidity in a solution
Nucleic acids - ANSWER Composed of nucleotides
Glycogen - ANSWER An example of a carbohydrate
Nucleus - ANSWER The center of an atom
Deoxyribose - ANSWER The five-carbon sugar found in DNA
Triglycerides and steroids - ANSWER Examples of lipids
Ribose - ANSWER The five-carbon sugar present in RNA
binding sites of enzymes - ANSWER regions of an enzyme that are involved in
bringing substrates together
Aerobic metabolism of glucose - ANSWER produces more ATP per glucose than
anaerobic pathways and requires oxygen
Activation energy - ANSWER the energy required to bring molecules into a position
where they can interact
lowering the activation energy of a reaction - ANSWER Enzymes increase reaction
rate by
a competitive inhibitor - ANSWER binds to the active site
proteins - ANSWER Information stored in the genes is translated into what
, An allosteric modulator - ANSWER binds to a region of the enzyme other than the
active site
transcription - ANSWER The process of forming mRNA is called transcription
nucleus of the cell - ANSWER Transcription occurs in
the formation of mRNA is induced by the binding of transcription factors to the
promotor - ANSWER To activate a regulated gene
Glycolysis --> Intermediate Step --> Kreb's cycle --> ETC - ANSWER Pathways of
cellular respiration in order:
plasma and interstitial fluid - ANSWER the two extracellular fluid compartments in
the body
Simple diffusion - ANSWER which transport system does not use a protein
Hypotonic solutions - ANSWER have lower concentrations of solutes than
hypertonic solutions
-70mV - ANSWER The resting membrane potential of a neuron
exocytosis - ANSWER A cell transports large molecules out of the cell by
permeability - ANSWER a property or characteristic of membranes
osmosis - ANSWER transport process that is responsible for water movement in
and out of the cell
differ in that ATP is necessary for active transport, but not for facilitated diffusion -
ANSWER Facilitated diffusion and active transport differ in that ATP is
voltage-gated channels and antiport carriers - ANSWER both types of transporters
passive transport - ANSWER refers to a process that requires no input of energy
Lipid-soluble substances, steroid molecules, and gasses - ANSWER can move
across the phospholipid bilayer by simple diffusion
ADH - ANSWER posterior pituitary gland secretes
kidneys and bones - ANSWER PTH exerts its effect on
sodium, calcium, water, and releasing renin - ANSWER Patients with kidney failure
will not be able to reabsorb
pancreas - ANSWER RAAS system involves all of the sites except
blood glucose levels - ANSWER Glucagon-Insulin hormones regulate
ANSWERS
Quaternary structure - ANSWER Formed when multiple tertiary structures come
together in a protein
Cation - ANSWER A positively-charged ion
Carbonic acid bicarbonate system - ANSWER An important buffer in the human
body
Secondary structure - ANSWER Examples include the alpha-helix and B-sheets in
proteins
Cholesterol - ANSWER A precursor to steroid hormones and a component of animal
cell membranes
pH - ANSWER Less than 7 indicates acidity in a solution
Nucleic acids - ANSWER Composed of nucleotides
Glycogen - ANSWER An example of a carbohydrate
Nucleus - ANSWER The center of an atom
Deoxyribose - ANSWER The five-carbon sugar found in DNA
Triglycerides and steroids - ANSWER Examples of lipids
Ribose - ANSWER The five-carbon sugar present in RNA
binding sites of enzymes - ANSWER regions of an enzyme that are involved in
bringing substrates together
Aerobic metabolism of glucose - ANSWER produces more ATP per glucose than
anaerobic pathways and requires oxygen
Activation energy - ANSWER the energy required to bring molecules into a position
where they can interact
lowering the activation energy of a reaction - ANSWER Enzymes increase reaction
rate by
a competitive inhibitor - ANSWER binds to the active site
proteins - ANSWER Information stored in the genes is translated into what
, An allosteric modulator - ANSWER binds to a region of the enzyme other than the
active site
transcription - ANSWER The process of forming mRNA is called transcription
nucleus of the cell - ANSWER Transcription occurs in
the formation of mRNA is induced by the binding of transcription factors to the
promotor - ANSWER To activate a regulated gene
Glycolysis --> Intermediate Step --> Kreb's cycle --> ETC - ANSWER Pathways of
cellular respiration in order:
plasma and interstitial fluid - ANSWER the two extracellular fluid compartments in
the body
Simple diffusion - ANSWER which transport system does not use a protein
Hypotonic solutions - ANSWER have lower concentrations of solutes than
hypertonic solutions
-70mV - ANSWER The resting membrane potential of a neuron
exocytosis - ANSWER A cell transports large molecules out of the cell by
permeability - ANSWER a property or characteristic of membranes
osmosis - ANSWER transport process that is responsible for water movement in
and out of the cell
differ in that ATP is necessary for active transport, but not for facilitated diffusion -
ANSWER Facilitated diffusion and active transport differ in that ATP is
voltage-gated channels and antiport carriers - ANSWER both types of transporters
passive transport - ANSWER refers to a process that requires no input of energy
Lipid-soluble substances, steroid molecules, and gasses - ANSWER can move
across the phospholipid bilayer by simple diffusion
ADH - ANSWER posterior pituitary gland secretes
kidneys and bones - ANSWER PTH exerts its effect on
sodium, calcium, water, and releasing renin - ANSWER Patients with kidney failure
will not be able to reabsorb
pancreas - ANSWER RAAS system involves all of the sites except
blood glucose levels - ANSWER Glucagon-Insulin hormones regulate
