Exam (elaborations)
Pediatrics Exam 3 latest
- Course
- Institution
Pediatrics Exam 3 latest Pediatrics Exam 3 latest Pediatrics Exam 3 latest
[Show more]
Content preview
Pediatrics Exam 3 latest____are the 2nd leading cause of ER visits in children - ANS Respiratory disorders
- #1 is injury and poisoning
What is the difference between the nose of a child and an adult in terms of size and structure? - ANS
Child's nose -- smaller, with increased resistance, a smaller septum, and a flat and flexible nasal
bridge
Children are obligatory nose breathers
Where are the vocal cords located in a child's airway compared to an adult's? - ANS Children --
located at C3-4
Adults -- at C5-6
The larynx is more anterior in children --> contributes to aspiration if neck is hyperextended
What is the narrowest part of a child's airway? - ANS Cricoid ring, unlike in adults where it is the
vocal cords.
How does the airway diameter of a child compare to that of an adult? - ANS Child = 4 mm,
significantly smaller
Adult= 20 mm diameter
What is the difference between tracheal rings in children vs adults? - ANS Tracheal rings are more
elastic and cartilaginous, can easily crimp off trachea
Why is a child's airway more reactive or sensitive to foreign substances? - ANS A child's airway has
more smooth muscle, which makes it more reactive or sensitive to foreign substances
Do children have a larger BSA than adults? - ANS NO! Children have a larger PERCENTAGE of surface
area for their weight than adults do
- This is because children do not have highly developed muscle
- Most of their mass is fat and water which weighs less
,- Bones are also less dense at a younger age
Why are children more susceptible to head and abdominal injuries compared to adults? - ANS
Children have a greater Head: Body ratio and relative size and location of anatomic features
What does underdeveloped anatomy in children lead to? - ANS Chest pliability
Less protection of thoracic cage
Less effective use of accessory muscles
What is the typical result of untreated respiratory arrest? - ANS Cardiac arrest
What are the characteristics of a child's thorax? - ANS Horizontal ribs -- more diphragmatic breathing
Flatter diaphragm
Cartilage in ribs and sternum (less stability of chest wall, requires more use of diaphragm)
Less pulmonary reserve
Heart taking up more thoracic space
Poor accessory muscle development
Larger abdominal orgANS -- pushing up the diaphragm
PULMONARY ISSUES ARE MORE SERIOUS IN KIDS
What can Airway Urgencies quickly progress to in children? - ANS Airway Emergencies
What is an assessment tool that can be used to assess airway urgencies/emergencies? - ANS ABCDE
,A-- Airway
B -- Breathing
C -- Circulation
D -- Disability
E -- Exposure
Allows for a systematic approach, complete initial exam and re-assess regularly, assess effects of
treatment/interventions, correct life threatening abnormalities before moving onto next part of
assessment
What should you look for to identify signs of airway obstruction? - ANS Look for paradoxical chest
and abdominal movements (See-Saw -- chest down and belly rising & reverse)
Accessory muscle use
Central cyanosis (lips, face)
Absent to no breath sounds
Depressed consciousness
How should airway obstruction be treated? - ANS Treated as a medical emergency
Most cases only need simple methods of airway managmenet:
- Positioning
- Chin lift
- Suctioning
- Oral/Nasal airway
If simple measures fail --> tracheal intubation
, Why is it important to keep SpO2 > 90% in airway obstruction? - ANS Give O2 to diminish the risk of
hypoxic damage
What should be assessed when checking breathing? - ANS Respiratory rate & rhythm
Equal chest expansion
Breath sounds (stridor, rales, rhonchi, wheezing)
Air exchange
Chest deformity
Abdominal distention
What are some general signs of respiratory distress? - ANS Sweating
Cyanosis
Accessory muscle use
Child looking tired and weakening
"Tripoding"
Nasal flaring
Why is it vital to diagnose and treat immediately life-threatening conditions? - ANS To prevent
severe outcomes such as in cases of severe asthma, tension pneumothorax, and foreign body
obstruction
What are some signs of respiratory pathology that may compromise circulatory state? - ANS Poor
cardiac output
- Decreased peripheral and central pulses
- Decreased blood pressure
- Reduced level of consciousness
- Low urine output
- Reduced PO intake
- Signs of bleeding
When should IV fluids be considered for patients? - ANS For patients who present with tachycardia
and/or poor capillary refill
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller lectjoseph. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $15.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
79373 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now