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les grands choses doivent savoir au biologie
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La biologie cellulaire est la branche de la biologie qui étudie la structure, la fonctionet la dynamique des cellules. Elle est essentielle à la compréhension de la vie, car
toutes les formes de vie connues sont composées de cellules.
Structure des cellules
Les cellules sont les unités fondamentales de la vie. Elles sont composées de trois
principaux types de composants :
La membrane plasmique est une barrière qui sépare la cellule de son
environnement. Elle est composée de phospholipides et de protéines.
Le cytoplasme est la partie de la cellule située à l'intérieur de la membrane
plasmique. Il est composé d'eau, de protéines, de glucides, de lipides et
d'acides nucléiques.
Les organites sont des structures spécialisées qui remplissent des fonctions
spécifiques dans la cellule. Les principaux organites comprennent le noyau, les
mitochondries, le réticulum endoplasmique, l'appareil de Golgi et les vacuoles.
Fonctions des cellules
Les cellules remplissent un large éventail de fonctions, notamment :
La croissance : les cellules se divisent pour former de nouvelles cellules.
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