chem 162 final part 3 with complete verified solutions 2025

energy production phase last 5 steps of glycolysis net product of glycolysis 2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, 2 ATP reduced form of FAD fadh2 glycolysis glucose- pyruvate glycogenolysis glycogen- glucose -low blood glucose -low atp -epinephrine and glucagon glycogenesis glucose- glycogen -high blood glucose -insulin gluconeogenesis pyruvate- glucose -has the highest energy cost reduced form of nad+ nadh + h+ primary energy source for brain, muscles, rbc glucose cori cycle glycogen- (muscle) glucose-pyruvate- lactose- (liver) lactose- pyruvate- glucose product of krebs cycle 2co2, 3nadh, 1fadh2, 1gtp when a 5c mol converts to a 4c mol in the krebs cycle, whats produced co2 why is co2 toxic it blocks the flow of e- between cytochrome c and complex 4 cytochrome c last step in glucose metabolism oxidative phosphorilation coenzyme q -mobile carrier within e- transport chain oxidation of nadh and fadh2 yields how many atp nadh-2.5 fadh2-1.5 coenzyme a complete yield of glucose oxidation 6co2, 6h2o, 32atp how are amides synthesized carboxylic acid + amine a vs b anomers a: oh is on bottom b: oh is on top monosaccharide fructose, glucose disaccharide -lactose b(1-4) -maltose a(1-4) -sucrose b(1-2) polysaccharide cellulose starch -storage form of glucose in plants -made of 2 polysaccharide (amylose and amylopectin) amylose -makes up 20% of starch -a(1-4) amylopectin -makes up 80% of starch -a(1-4) and a(1-6) dextrin smaller polysaccharides what functional group i present in all carbohydrates -an alcohol -carbohydrate consists of a c, o, and h protein denaturation can happen by... -increasing temp