MICROBIOLOGY EXAM 4 (ACTUAL EXAM)
WITH CORRECT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
LATEST 2024 – 2025 GOOD SCORE IS
GUARANTEED GRADE A+
What is the thermal death point?
Lowest temperature at which all cells in a culture are killed in 10 min
What is the thermal death time?
Time during which all cells in a culture are killed
What is metabolism?
The sum of the chemical reactions, including buildup and breakdown of
nutrients in an organism
,What is catabolism?
Provides energy and building blocks for anabolism.
What is anabolism?
Uses energy and building blocks to build large molecules
What type of reactions build ATP molecules?
Catabolic reaction
What type of reactions break ATP molecules?
Anabolic reaction
What are metabolic pathways?
a sequence of enzymatically catalyzed chemical reactions in a cell
Why are enzymes important in metabolic pathways?
Metabolic pathways are determined by enzymes
Enzymes are encoded by genes
,Enzymes are encoded by _________.
genes
What is the collision theory?
states that chemical reactions can occur when atoms, ions, and
molecules collide
What is activation energy?
needed to disrupt electronic configurations
What is the reaction rate?
The frequency of collisions with enough energy to bring about a
reaction.
Reaction rate can be increased by enzymes or by increasing
temperature or pressure
What is an enzyme?
Enzymes are biological catalysts.
Enzymes act on a specific substrate and lower the activation energy.
, What is an apoenzyme?
The protein portion of an enzyme.
What is an cofactor?
The nonprotein portion of an enzyme.
What holoenzyme?
Apoenzyme plus cofactor = whole enzyme
What suffix is often used for enzymes?
-ase
What are four important enzymes?
NAD+
NADP+
FAD
Coenzyme A
Oxidoreductase
Oxidation-reduction reactions
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