NU 327 Exam 3 Actual Exam Questions and Correct Answers (Verified Answers) Already Graded A+
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NU 327
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NU 327
NU 327 Exam 3 Actual Exam Questions and Correct Answers (Verified Answers) Already Graded A+
What are clinical manifestations of arterial blood clots? - Answer- -intermittent claudication
-cool to touch
-cyanotic
-arterial ulcer
What are clinical manifestations of venous blood clots? - Answe...
NU 327 Exam 3 Actual Exam Questions
and Correct Answers (Verified Answers)
Already Graded A+
What are clinical manifestations of arterial blood clots? - Answer- -intermittent
claudication
-cool to touch
-cyanotic
-arterial ulcer
What are clinical manifestations of venous blood clots? - Answer- -may be
asymptomatic to life threatening
-calf or groin tenderness
-edema
-increased skin temperature
-homan sign (10%)
What is disseminated intravascular coagulation (dic)? - Answer- -abnormal clotting
-immune reaction initiates clotting cascade
-small clots obstruct organs and microvasculature
-platelets and clotting factors consumed
-at risk for bleeding
-ooze at catheter insertion sites
-hemorrhage
What is acute renal disease (arf)? - Answer- -kidney undergo prolonged hypoperfusion
-vasoconstriction decreases glomerular blood flow
-hypoxic cellular damage
-necrosis of tubular epithelia
-increase BUN and creatinine
-decreased urine output
What are clinical manifestations of a traveling blood clot(embolus)? - Answer- -ischemic
stroke
-sudden onset shortness of breath
-increased respiratory rate
-chest pain
-sudden death
What is a vasospasm? - Answer- -sudden constriction of smooth muscle
-angina
,-cause unknown
-environmental factors
What is vasculitis? - Answer- inflammation of an artery
What is phlebitis? - Answer- inflammation of a vein
What is atherosclerosis? - Answer- -most common cause of chronic arterial obstruction
-thickening and luminal narrowing of large and medium arteries
What are risk modifiable risk factors associated with atherosclerosis? - Answer- -
smoking
-elevated BP
-glucose intolerance
-elevated cholesterol and low density lipoproteins
-decreased physical activity
-obesity
-weigh fluctuations
-ineffective stress management
What risk factors with smoking that leads to atherosclerosis? - Answer- -causes injury to
the endothelium
-increased risk for thrombus formation
-nicotine elevates levels of LDL and decreases HDL
-produces vasospasm and platelet aggregation
-causes release of endogenous catecholamines
-increase risk of coronary heart disease 2-4 times normal
Hyperlipidemia (high cholesterol): - Answer- -fats and triglycerides are encapsulated by
proteins
What is LDL cholesterol? - Answer- bad because it attaches to and is toxic to vessel
walls
What is HDL cholesterol? - Answer- good because it stimulates the mobilization of
cholesterol from the periphery to the liver where it is broken down
What are risk factors of hyperlipidemia? - Answer- -male >45 female >55
-personal or family history
-smoking
-hypertension
-low HDL
-diabetes
-dietary excess of: calories, saturated fats and cholesterol
-obesity
-high trigylceride diets
, What are treatments of atherosclerosis? - Answer- -alter the modifiable risk factors
-drugs for reducing cholesterol
-balloon angioplasty
-balloon angioplasty with stent
-CABG
What is peripheral arterial disease (PAD)? - Answer- -disease of superficial vessels
(usually legs)
-seen most in older men
-risk factors are the same as for atherosclerosis
What are skin clinical manifestations of PAD? - Answer- -cool
-decreased or absent hair
-dry, thin, glossy
-thick nails
-pallor when elevated, rubor when dependent
-diminished or absent pulses
What are pain clinical manifestations of PAD? - Answer- -sharp, stabbing
-intensified with activity
-relieved by rest
What is Raynaud syndrome? - Answer- -vasospasms of the small vessels in the digits
-begins in adolescence
-most common in women
-precipitated by cold or emotional stress
-period of color changes
What is Buerger syndrome? - Answer- -rare inflammatory condition
-affects small and medium arteries and veins of upper and lower extremities
-degree of obstruction varies
-pathogenesis unknown
-strongly associated with smoking
What are aneurysms? - Answer- -localized arterial dilations
-arterial wall deteriorates until it bulges out
-due to vascular structure that has lost elasticity and has weakened
-atherosclerosis and hypertension are major causes
-most occur in the abdominal aorta, the brain and thoracic aorta
What is multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (mods)? - Answer- -two or more systems
-sepsis and septic shock
-ongoing inflammatory response
-tissue destruction, organ dysfunction, death
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