University Of South Alabama
Pathophysiology NU 545 Unit 3 ALL
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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A
VI
What is an STI? (affect more than 20 million Americans per year, and 1/2 are
younger than 25 years. Hidden epidemic.
STI: is the general term for any disease that can be spread by intimate and/or
TU
sexual contact.
Includes systemic diseases such as hepatitis and tuberculosis
IS
Is prevalent in all socioeconomic and racial or ethnic groups
M
Individuals who have unprotected nonmonogamous sex have the greatest risk for
STI exposure and infection.
O
A
Types of sexually transmitted urogenital infections
N
,•Rare systemic complication brought about by the spread of infection through the
bloodstream
•Life-threatening condition causing a generalized rash and severe joint pain
Perihepatitis
•Spread of N. gonorrhoeae to the liver
A
Ophthalmia neonatorum
VI
•Gonococcal eye infection in an infant from an infected mother (most states require
TU
prophylactic opthalmic antibiotics to prevent gonococcal eye infection. Topical
antibiotics may not be effective in eliminating neonatal infection and systemic tx.
is indicated for all newborns with known exposure. (onset of symptoms 1-12 days)
Newborns may also develop gonorrheal rhinitis.
IS
M
Gonnorhea (Bacterial infection)
O
Is caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
A
Transmission generally requires the contact of epithelial surfaces such as vaginal,
oral, or anal intercourse, and infection in the adults can be in the vagina, rectum,
N
oropharynx, and the urethra.
JP
Pregnant woman can pass gonorrhea to her fetus through infected cervical and
vaginal secretions, and a mother can pass it to her newborn child. Following
vertical transmission, the newborn eyes can be infected and result in blindness if
untreated.
Humans are the only natural hosts.
,Presence of pili helps N. gonorrhoeae attach to the epithelial cells of mucous
membranes.
Why is treatment for gonorrhea becoming more difficult?
because of rapidly developing resistance to antibiotics. CDC and WHO advise dual
drug treatment to treat the infection and staunch increasing resistance.
A
Antibiotic resistance is most common in those who frequently have oral and anal
VI
intercourse (men with men) CDC says gonorrhea likely to become resistant to all
antibiotics in the near future.
TU
Common sites/complications of gonorrhea (Bacterial infection)
IS
•Endocervical canal (inner portion of the cervix): most common site for women
M
•Urethra
O
•Skene and/or Bartholin glands
A
•Urethra or rectum: most common site for men
N
Complications:
JP
•Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
•Sterility
•Disseminated infection
, Clinical manifestations of gonorrhea (Bacterial infection)
•Men: sudden onset of painful urination or purulent penile discharge, or both
(within a week from infection)
•Women (within 10 days of exposure or 1-2 days after the next period. More than
half are asymptomatic
A
Symptoms often do not appear until they have spread to the upper reproductive
tract (uterus, fallopian/uterine tubes, and ovaries)
VI
Dysuria (difficult/painful urination)
TU
Increased vaginal discharge, increased flow or dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia (painful
sex) , lower abdominal and/or pelvic pain
IS
Fever; mucopurulent discharge from the cervical os
M
treatment for gonorrhea (Bacterial infection)
O
•Antibiotic (ceftriaxone)
A
•Multidrug administration to reduce resistance
•Resistant to many antibiotics
N
•Treatment of partners
•Avoidance of sex until infection resolved, then usage of condoms
JP
What is syphilis? (Bacterial infection)
On the increase from men having sex with men
Treponema pallidum (anaerobic spirochete)
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