NU 545 Pathophysiology QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT 2024
,What is an STI? (affect more than 20 million Americans per year, and 1/2 are
younger than 25 years. Hidden epidemic.
STI: is the general term for any disease that can be spread by intimate and/or
sexual contact.
Includes systemic diseases such as hepatitis and tuberculosis
A
Is prevalent in all socioeconomic and racial or ethnic groups
VI
Individuals who have unprotected nonmonogamous sex have the greatest risk
for STI exposure and infection.
TU
Types of sexually transmitted urogenital infections
IS
Bacterial -(gonorrhea-syphilis-chancroid-granuloma inguinale-bacterial
M
vaginosis)
Viral
O
Protozoal
Parasitic
Fungal
A
N
Gonorrhea (Bacterial infection)
JP
Disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI)
•Rare systemic complication brought about by the spread of infection through
the bloodstream
•Life-threatening condition causing a generalized rash and severe joint pain
,Perihepatitis
•Spread of N. gonorrhoeae to the liver
Ophthalmia neonatorum
•Gonococcal eye infection in an infant from an infected mother (most states
A
require prophylactic opthalmic antibiotics to prevent gonococcal eye
infection. Topical antibiotics may not be effective in eliminating neonatal
VI
infection and systemic tx. is indicated for all newborns with known exposure.
(onset of symptoms 1-12 days) Newborns may also develop gonorrheal
TU
rhinitis.
IS
Gonnorhea (Bacterial infection)
M
Is caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
O
Transmission generally requires the contact of epithelial surfaces such as
vaginal, oral, or anal intercourse, and infection in the adults can be in the
vagina, rectum, oropharynx, and the urethra.
A
N
Pregnant woman can pass gonorrhea to her fetus through infected cervical
and vaginal secretions, and a mother can pass it to her newborn child.
JP
Following vertical transmission, the newborn eyes can be infected and result
in blindness if untreated.
Humans are the only natural hosts.
Presence of pili helps N. gonorrhoeae attach to the epithelial cells of mucous
membranes.
, Why is treatment for gonorrhea becoming more difficult?
because of rapidly developing resistance to antibiotics. CDC and WHO
advise dual drug treatment to treat the infection and staunch increasing
resistance.
A
Antibiotic resistance is most common in those who frequently have oral and
VI
anal intercourse (men with men) CDC says gonorrhea likely to become
resistant to all antibiotics in the near future.
TU
Common sites/complications of gonorrhea (Bacterial infection)
IS
•Endocervical canal (inner portion of the cervix): most common site for
M
women
O
•Urethra
•Skene and/or Bartholin glands
A
N
•Urethra or rectum: most common site for men
JP
Complications:
•Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
•Sterility
•Disseminated infection
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