FPCC ABGs LATEST 2024 FORM A REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
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FPCC ABGs
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FPCC ABGs
FPCC ABGs LATEST 2024 FORM A REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
ABG Example Problem #1 - Answer-pH 7.26; PaCO2 52 mmHg; HCO3- 24 mEq/L
Respiratory Acidosis
ABG Example Problem #2 - Answer-pH 7.48; PaCO2 51; HCO3- 29
Metabolic Alkalosis Partially Compensated
ABG Example Problem #3...
*easy way to remember: pH is 7.35 - 7.45 --> remove the 7 and you get the PaCO2: 35
- 45 --> HCO3- = 22-26 mEq/L*
ABG's Acid/Base Parameters (diagram) - Answer-
ABG's are drawn how? - Answer-they are drawn from arterial blood usually from the
radial artery
ABG's results can be - Answer-- Uncompensated
- Partly Compensated
- Fully Compensated
Acid-base Disorders Fall into 2 Major Categories - Answer-- ACIDS:
Respiratory Acidosis: Increased CO2
Metabolic Acidosis: Decreased HCO3-
- BASES:
Respiratory Alkalosis: Decreased CO2
Metabolic Alkalosis: Increased HCO3-
Compensation is an effect of - Answer-The body's attempt to return the acid/base status
to normal (i.e. pH closer to 7.4)
Complete Compensation - Answer-- Look at pH, PaCO2 & HCO3-.
- If the pH is within the normal range and the other parameters (PaCO2 & HCO3-) are
not, you are looking at a case of COMPLETE COMPENSATION.
, Complete Compensation Correction - Answer-- Recalculate the pH using 7.4 as the
midpoint.
< 7.4 = acidotic
> 7.4 = alkalotic
Elements Measured to determine ABG's - Answer-- pH = 7.35 - 7.45 (hydrogen ion
concentration)
- PaCO2 = 35 - 45 mmHg (partial pressure of CO2 in arterial
blood)
- PaO2 = 80 -100 mmHg (partial pressure of O2 in arterial blood)
- HCO3- = 22 to 26 mEq/L (bicarbonate concentration in plasma)
- BE = +5 / -5 mEq/L or mmol/L (base excess)
Four Basic Types of Imbalance - Answer-- Respiratory Acidosis
- Respiratory Alkalosis
- Metabolic Acidosis
- Metabolic Alkalosis
How do you know if the acid-base imbalance is Metabolic? - Answer-Metabolic
disorders --> the primary change is concentration of bicarbonate.
- Metabolic acidosis - decrease in bicarbonate or excess of nonvolatile acids. pH < 7.35
& bicarbonate < 22 mEq/L
- Metabolic alkalosis - excess of bicarbonate in relation to amt. of hydrogen ions. pH >
7.45 & bicarbonate > 26 mEq/L
How do you know if the acid-base imbalance is Respiratory ? - Answer-- Respiratory
Disorders --> the primary change is in the concentration of carbonic acid.
How does the body regulate the Acid/Base balance? - Answer-By increasing or
decreasing the acid base levels in the body by producing or limiting production of acids
and base substances
How to Determine if an Acid/Base Disorder is Respiratory or Metabolic - Answer-- 1ST:
Match the PaCO2 or the HCO3- with pH to determine the acid-base disorder.
- 2ND: If the pH and PaCO2 match then the disorder is caused by RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM.
- 3RD: If the pH and HCO3- match then the disorder is caused by METABOLIC
(RENAL) SYSTEM.
How to interpret ABG's - Answer-- Must Memorize ABGs.
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