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FISIOLOGÍA Y ANATOMÍA DEL CORAZÓN

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FISIOLOGÍA Y ANATOMÍA DEL CORAZÓN

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  • September 26, 2024
  • 8
  • 2024/2025
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Anátomofisiología del apato cdiovascul

Transporta oxígeno y nutrientes a las células



Anatomía del corazón y vasos sanguíneos

El corazón es un órgano muscular, un hueco, con cuatro cavidades, cuya función es bombear la sangre
a todos los organismos

Los vasos sanguíneos son un circuito de tubos cerrados que distribuye la sangre desde el corazón a
todos el organismo

Finalidad

Llevar a los tejidos, oxígeno y sustancias
nutritivas

Eliminar los productos residuales

Transportar sustancias

Controlar la temperatura corporal



Estructura del corazón


Cuatro cavidades: dos aurículas y dos
ventrículos

Las válvulas comunica al aurícula y el
ventrículo

Mitral: izquierdo
Tricúspide: derecho

, Endocardio: capa más interna, formada por
células endoteliales, que se continúan con las
células endoteliales de los pasos sanguíneos y
recubren las válvulas cardiacas

Miocardio, capa media, constituida por tejido
muscular cardíaco, muy rígido. Contribuye a
impedir el regreso de la sangre de los
ventrículos a las aurículas.

Pericardio: recubre una membrana de carácter
fibroseroso, cuya función es protectora y
lubricante




Cavidades y válvulas cardiacas




Ciclo cardíaco

Diastole: periodo de relajación, que
la sangre entra en la cavidad, las
aurículas o ventrículos se
encuentran dilatados por relajación
de la musculatura. Existe la diástole
auricular (la sangre entra en el
auricular) o la diástole ventricular (la
sangre entra en el ventrículo)

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