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Samenvatting Medische Sociologie
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Samenvatting Medische Sociologie
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InhoudsopgaveMedische sociologie........................................................................................................................................ 3
1. Inleiding .................................................................................................................................................... 3
2. Medische sociologie .................................................................................................................................. 4
Ziekte, gezondheid en handicap in sociologisch persepc;ef ............................................................................. 10
Onjuiste opva.ngen over wat gezond is ..................................................................................................... 18
Sociale construc:e van ziekte ...................................................................................................................... 19
S:gma en Suicide ......................................................................................................................................... 21
Medische kennis als sociaal geconstrueerd ................................................................................................. 21
Van DSM 4 naar DSM 5 ................................................................................................................................ 22
Ziekte en zorg: een Historische schets .............................................................................................................. 23
Verandering van patronen van ziekte en sterfde in de :jd .......................................................................... 23
Oorzaken? .................................................................................................................................................... 23
verklaringen voor de sterHedaling sedert 1850-1970 ................................................................................. 24
Geen plateu in ontwikkeling van levensverwach:ng ................................................................................... 25
Biomedisch model ....................................................................................................................................... 27
Kri:ek op biomedisch model ....................................................................................................................... 27
Epidemiën vroeger en nu............................................................................................................................. 28
Sociologische theorië inzake ziekte ................................................................................................................... 28
1. Ziekte als onvermogen en als gemo:veerde afwijking – gerelateerd met capaciteit tot werken en of
het vervullen van sociale plichten ............................................................................................................... 28
2. Ziekte als professionele construc:e en als onderhandeling .............................................................. 31
Proffesionele construc:e ............................................................................................................................. 31
3. Ziekte als verlies en uitbui:ng ............................................................................................................ 32
The social pathologies of contemporary civiliza:on .................................................................................... 33
Hoofdstuk 5: leken en ziekte ............................................................................................................................. 33
1. Ziektegedrag als sociaal probleem ..................................................................................................... 33
2. Determinanten van medische consump:e ........................................................................................ 34
3. Ziekteverhalen, lekennetwerken en lekenverwijssystemen ............................................................... 38
4. ZelYulpgroepen ................................................................................................................................. 38
5. Leefs:jlen en consumentencultuur .................................................................................................... 38
Hoofdstuk 6: arts en pa;ent ............................................................................................................................. 39
Rela:e arts -pa:ent ..................................................................................................................................... 39
Consensusbenadering.................................................................................................................................. 39
1
, Wat is een ideaaltype .................................................................................................................................. 39
Kri:ek op Parsons ........................................................................................................................................ 40
Arts en ziekte als onvermogen..................................................................................................................... 40
Ziekte als gemo:veerde afwijking en arts ................................................................................................... 41
Wat ontbreekt? ............................................................................................................................................ 41
Botsing van perspec:even ........................................................................................................................... 41
Kan tot conflict leiden .................................................................................................................................. 42
Arts en pa:ent in onderhandeling ............................................................................................................... 43
Compliance en concordance ........................................................................................................................ 43
Sociale klasse en art-pa:ent rela:e ............................................................................................................. 44
Impact van het internet ............................................................................................................................... 44
7. Gezondheidssystemen ............................................................................................................................. 46
Performan:e van gezondheidssytemen ...................................................................................................... 52
8. Gezondheid, gezondheidszorg en ongelijkheid........................................................................................ 54
Waar gaat het over? .................................................................................................................................... 54
sociale causa:e: hoe werkt dat ................................................................................................................... 56
Toegang tot de gezondheidszorg in België ....................................................................................................... 58
percentage biurgers die aangeven dat ze nood hebben aan gezondheidszorg (onderzoek of behandeling)
maar niet krijgen.......................................................................................................................................... 58
Medische migra;e en toerisme ........................................................................................................................ 59
Infarct in zorg ............................................................................................................................................... 59
Personeelstekort .......................................................................................................................................... 59
Artsen uit andere landen ............................................................................................................................. 59
Omscholing .................................................................................................................................................. 59
Gevolgen ...................................................................................................................................................... 60
Tekort aan gezondheidswerkers in Europa .................................................................................................. 60
Binnen Eu ..................................................................................................................................................... 60
Tekort ........................................................................................................................................................... 61
Globalisering: pa:entenwerking .................................................................................................................. 61
Ook naar belgië ............................................................................................................................................ 61
2
, Medische sociologie
1. Inleiding
Wat is sociologie?
ë Wetenschap die het samenleven van mensen bestudeert
ë Studie van het sociale leven, sociale verandering en de sociale oorzaken en gevolgen
van menselijk gedrag
ë Sociology is the study of the interac?on between groups and individuals in human
society. The term society refers to a range of external factors that influence our
beliefs and behaviours
American sociological associa1on
ë “Sociology is the study of social life, social change, and the social causes and
consequences of human behavior. Sociologists inves?gate the structure of groups,
organiza?ons, and socie?es, and how people interact within these contexts. Since all
human behavior is social, the subject maGer of sociology ranges from the in?mate
family to the hos?le mob; from organized crime to religious cults; from the divisions
of race, gender and social class to the shared beliefs of a common culture; and from
the sociology of work to the sociology of sports. In fact, few fields have such broad
scope and relevance for research, theory, and applica?on of knowledge.”
ë Sociology provides many dis?nc?ve perspec?ves on the world, genera?ng new ideas
and cri?quing the old. The field also offers a range of research techniques that can be
applied to virtually any aspect of social life: street crime and delinquency, corporate
downsizing, how people express emo?ons, welfare or educa?on reform, how families
differ and flourish, or problems of peace and war. Because sociology addresses the
most challenging issues of our ?me, it is a rapidly expanding field whose poten?al is
increasingly tapped by those who craO policies and create programs.”
Medische sociologie : twee takken
ë Sociologie van ziekte en gezondheid
ë Sociologie van de geneeskunde en de geneeskundige beroepen
3
, Wat als probleem wordt ervaren verandert ook doorheen de 1jd
ë Tijdens de 19de eeuw
o Ontstaan grote stede
o Toename inwoners
o Probleem
§ Belangrijkste vorm van transport veroorzaate veel ongelukken à
paard en kar
• Fileprobleem
• Vernieling, op hol geslagen paard moet afgemaakt worden
• Verzekerd tegen hoge prijs
• Niet simpel om dood paard op te ruimen
• Lawaaioverlast
• Paardenmest
‹ Erg ongezond
• Nog geen zorgen over global warming
o Oplossing
§ Niet door tussenkomst overheid
§ Niet door mensen die te voet gingen
§ Technologische interven?e
• Auto en elektrische tram
• De oplossing van toen is het probleem van nu
ë Boodschap
o Probleem van nu zijn niet de problemen van de toeskomst en de oplossingen
van nu zijn niet noodzakelijk oplossingen in de toekomst
2. Medische sociologie
ë Kern
o Biologische factoren bepalen sociale mogelijkheden
o Sociale wereld stelt ook grenzen aan wat biologisch mogelijk is
ë Voorbeeld
o Eenzaamheid
§ Welzijsprobleem dat ook gezondheidsprobleem is
4
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