NURS 617 EXAM 2 LATEST EXAM | ALL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
WITH RATIONALES | GRADED A+ |
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Which heart defect produces a systolic ejection murmur at the right upper
sternal border that transmits to the neck and left lower sternal border?
a. Coarctation of the aorta
b. Pulmonic stenosis
c. Aortic stenosis
d. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------c.
Aortic stenosis
Blood flow through the stenotic area of the aorta produces a systolic
ejection murmur at the right upper sternal border that transmits to the
neck and left lower sternal border.
Which heart defect produces a systolic ejection click at the upper left
sternal border with a thrill palpated at the upper left sternal border?
a. Coarctation of the aorta (COA)
b. Pulmonary stenosis (PS)
c. Aortic stenosis
d. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------b.
Pulmonary stenosis (PS)
PS results in a systolic ejection murmur at the left upper sternal
border, reflecting an obstruction to flow through the narrowed
pulmonary valve. A variable systolic ejection click is present in some
children, as well as valvular stenosis at the upper left sternal border.
PS also produces a thrill that may be palpated at the upper left sternal
border.
,Which heart defect results in a single vessel arising from both ventricles,
providing blood to both the pulmonary and systemic circulations?
a. Coarctation of the aorta
b. Tetralogy of Fallot
c. Total anomalous pulmonary connection
d. Truncus arteriosus ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------d. Truncus
arteriosus
Truncus arteriosus is the failure of the large embryonic artery, the
truncus arteriosus, to divide into the pulmonary artery and the aorta,
which results in a single vessel arising from both ventricles,
providing blood flow to the pulmonary and systemic circulations.
What congenital heart defects are associated with intrauterine exposure to
rubella? (Select all that apply.)
a. Pulmonary stenosis (PS)
b. Cardiomegaly
c. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
d. Coarctation of aorta (COA)
e. Ventricular septal defect (VSD) ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------a.
Pulmonary stenosis (PS)
c. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
d. Coarctation of aorta (COA)
PS, PDA, and COA are congenital heart defects associated with
intrauterine exposure to rubella.
What is the most common cause of pulmonary edema?
a. Right-sided heart failure
b. Left-sided heart failure
c. Mitral valve prolapse
When the left ventricle fails, filling pressures on the left side of the
heart increase and cause a concomitant increase in pulmonary
capillary hydrostatic pressure.
Pulmonary edema usually begins to develop at a pulmonary capillary
wedge pressure or left atrial pressure of how many millimeters of mercury
(mm Hg)?
a. 10
b. 20
c. 30
d. 40 ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------b. 20
Pulmonary edema usually begins to develop at a pulmonary capillary
wedge pressure or left atrial pressure of 20 mm Hg.
Which pleural abnormality involves a site of pleural rupture that acts as a
one-way valve, permitting air to enter on inspiration but preventing its
escape by closing during expiration?
a. Spontaneous pneumothorax
b. Tension pneumothorax
c. Open pneumothorax
d. Secondary pneumothorax ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------b.
Tension pneumothorax
In tension pneumothorax, the site of pleural rupture acts as a one-way
valve, permitting air to enter on inspiration but preventing its escape
by closing up during expiration. As more and more air enters the
pleural space, air pressure in the pneumothorax begins to exceed
barometric pressure.
, In which type of pleural effusion does the fluid become watery and diffuse
out of the capillaries as a result of increased blood pressure or decreased
capillary oncotic pressure?
a. Exudative
b. Purulent
c. Transudative
d. Large ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------c. Transudative
In transudative pleural effusion, the fluid, or transudate, is watery and
diffuses out of the capillaries as a result of disorders that increase
intravascular hydrostatic pressure or decrease capillary oncotic
pressure.
Which condition is not a cause of chest wall restriction?
a. Pneumothorax
b. Severe kyphoscoliosis
c. Gross obesity
d. Neuromuscular disease ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------a.
Pneumothorax
Unlike the other options that result in chest wall restriction, a
pneumothorax is the presence of air or gas in the pleural space
caused by a rupture in the visceral pleura (which surrounds the
lungs) or the parietal pleura and chest wall.
Which condition is a fulminant form of respiratory failure characterized by
acute lung inflammation and diffuse alveolocapillary injury?
a. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
b. Pneumonia
Pulmonary emboli
d. Acute pulmonary edema ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------a. Acute
respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
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