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Instructor s manual for american government political development and institutional change 12th Edition by Cal Jillson.pdf
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Political development and institution change
Institution
Political Development And Institution Change
Instructor s manual for american government political development and institutional change 12th Edition by Cal JInstructor s manual for american government political development and institutional change 12th Edition by Cal JInstructor s manual for american government political development and insti...
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1
SOLUTION MANUAL
American Government: Political
Development and Institutional Change
12th Edition by Cal Jillson, All Chapters 1 - 16
, 2
TABLE6OF6CONTENTS
1. Chapter616The6Origins6of6American6Political6Principles
2. Chapter626The6Revolution6and6the6Constitution
3. Chapter636Federalism6and6American6Political6Development
4. Chapter646Political6Socialization6and6Public6Opinion
5. Chapter656The6Mass6Media6and6the6Political6Agenda
6. Chapter666Interest6Groups:6The6Politics6of6Influence
7. Chapter676Political6Parties:6Winning6the6Right6to6Govern
8. Chapter686Voting,6Campaigns,6and6Elections
9. Chapter696Congress:6Partisanship,6Polarization,6and6Gridlock
10. Chapter6106The6President:6Executive6Power6in6a6Separation6of6 Powers6Regime
11. Chapter6116Bureaucracy:6Redesigning6Government6for6the6Twenty-First6Century
12. Chapter6126The6Federal6Courts:6Activism6versus6Restraint
13. Chapter6136Civil6Liberties:6Ordered6Liberty6in6America
14. Chapter6146Civil6Rights:6Where6Liberty6and6Equality6Collide
15. Chapter6156Government,6The6Economy,6and6Domestic6Policy
16. Chapter6166America’s6Global6Role6in6the6Twenty-First6Century
, 3
Chapter61
THE6ORIGINS6OF6AMERICAN6POLITICAL6PRINCIPLES
FOCUS6QUESTIONS
Q1 What6are6the6broad6purposes6of6government?
A1
The6ancients6believed6the6role6of6government6and6politics6was6to6foster6hu
man6 excellence.6However,6it6is6imperative6to6remember6that6the6Greeks6and6Rom
ans6 believed6the6virtuous6should6rule6according6to6natural6law.6Furthermore,6valu
esof6 equality6and6order6would6be6served6through6a6society6based6upon6the6rule
6oflaw 6to6 provide6for6the6common6good.6In6the6Middle6Ages,6government6was6 la
rgely6used6 to6facilitate6religion6and6maintained6the6need6for6the6individual6to6liv
e6a6proper6life6 in6the6service6of6God.6The6role6of6government6changed6in6the6 ea
rly6sixteenth6 century6by6downplaying6the6role6of6religion6while6alternatively6pro
moting6the6role6 of6limited6government6to6protect6private6property6and6 individual
6rights.
Q2 How6should6government6be6designed6to6achieve6its6purposes?
A2 According6to6Plato6the6philosopher-
king’s6wisdom6and6intellect6would6promote6 order,6stability6and6justice.6Yet,6Aristotl
e6takes6a6more6realistic6view6of6Athenian6 society6by6advocating6the6best6form6of6
government6as6a6polity,6which6combined6 oligarchic6and6democratic6elements6to6pr
oduce6political6stability.6The6Romans6 combined6monarchical,6aristocratic,6and6dem
ocratic6principles6as6a6mixed6 government6within6representative6bodies6like6the6Se
nate6and6the6Assembly6in6order6 to6champion6the6causes6of6both6the6rich6and6the6p
oor.6Government6in6theMiddle6 Ages6was6determined6through6divine6right,6whereb
y6a6monarch6or6Pope6 was6 ordained6by6God6to6rule.6Hence,6wisdom6and6virtue6re
sted6within6these6few6 individuals6who6governed6to6promote6religious6life6and6prot
ect6the6religious6 establishment.6The6Renaissance,6Protestant6Reformation,6and6Enlig
htenment6 Periods6shifted6the6role6of6government6from6upholding6religious6doctrine
6to6 secular6 concerns,6such6as6protecting6inalienable6rights,6including6private6 prope
rty,6and6 promoting6commerce.6In6turn,6Enlightenment6political
©620236Taylor6&6Francis
, 4
philosophers6largely6appealed6to6individualism6and6not6religious6hierarchy6as6ame
ans6 to6provide6order6and6stability6in6which6individuals6could6flourish.
Q3
What6lessons6about6government6did6colonial6Americans6draw6from6the6history6
ofancient6Greece6and6 Rome?
A3
Plato6was6suspicious6of6democracy’s6rule6of6the6many6 because6good6govern
ment6 would6decay6into6mob6rule.6Hence,6the6passions6of6the6masses6needed6to6be6
quelled6 by6more6aristocratic6elements.6With6this6problem6in6mind,6the6Framers6oft
he6U.S.6 Constitution6referenced6the6institutional6design6of6the6Roman6republic6adh
ered6to6 the6tradition6of6mixed6government6initially6expounded6by6Aristotle6 and6th
e6Romans.6 This6was6maintained6in6the6indirect6selection6of6both6the6Senateand6the6
presidency6 within6the6Constitution.6Aristotle6also6advocated6mixing6aristocratic6an
d6democratic6 elements6in6a6governing6structure6called6a6polity.6In6effect,6this6gove
rnmental6design6 allowed6the6few6and6the6many6to6participate6in6the6politics6provi
ding6an6orderly6 society6where6the6poor6should6be6able6to6select6 government6offici
als6who6were6held6 accountable.6This6was6also6made6manifest6inthe6Constitution6wit
h6its6aristocratic-
like6 Senate6and6the6more6democratic6House6of6Representatives.6Thus6the6America
n6 republic’s6Constitution6established6institutional6powers6to6govern6according6to6th
e6 rule6of6law.6While6the6Framers6rejected6the6religious6hierarchy6of6the6Middle6A
ges,6 they6appealed6to6inalienable6rights6endowed6upon6every6individual6by6God
,6per6the6 writings6of6John6Locke,6in6which6a6just6government6and6society6could6not6
be6 impeded.
Q4 What6circumstances6led6Europeans6to6leave6their6homelands6to6settle6in6America?
A4
Individuals6immigrated6to6the6colonies6to6escape6religious6persecution6and6ci
vil6 unrest6after6the6English6Civil6War6and6to6pursue6social6and6economic6 opportunit
ies.6 Colonists6enjoyed6a6vast6array6of6natural6resources6and6a6large6 geographical
6area6 where6freedom6of6religion6and6economic6opportunity6 flourished.6Also,6their
6 heterogeneous6social6composition6as6well6as6continual6 promotion6of6ideals,6such6as
6 equality6and6tolerance,6tended6to6promote6political6freedom6at6the6same6time6th
at6 social6expansion6of6the6population6was6occurring.
Q5 What6did6democracy6mean6to6our6colonial6ancestors,6and6did6they6approve6it?
A5
The6colonists6were6skeptical6of6democracy6and6viewed6this6type6of6 governi
ng6 authority6as6mob6rule.6Society6was6largely6seen6as6segmented6into6those6who6s
hould6 rule6and6those6who6should6not.6In6fact,6the6Founders6believed6that6the6elite6(
well-
6 educated,6land6owners)6should6occupy6positions6of6leadership.6Thus,6 an6aristocrat
ic6 element6within6government6was6necessary6to6protect6against6thethreat6of6mob6r
ule6 historically6associated6with6democracy.6Fundamentally,6the6idea6of6republican
ism6 was6promoted6as6an6ideal6at6a6higher6level6than6democracy.6This6was6made6
most6 manifest6in6the6tendency6to6prefer6mixed
© 2023 Taylor & Francis