Description:
Unlock the secrets of chemical reactions in aqueous solutions with this comprehensive PDF guide. Perfect for students, educators, and chemistry enthusiasts, this resource covers essential topics in solution stoichiometry, chemical reactions, and analysis.
What’s Inside:
•...
PRECIPITATION REACTIONS
i
A precipitate is an insoluble solid formed by a reaction in solution.
insolvable solid
Alags Blag) >
Cag D, > ->
eX .
+
+
Precipitation reaction occur when pairs of oppositely charged ions attract each
other so strongly that they form an insoluble ionic solid.
see attached picture to know the summarizes .
Solubility Guidelines for Common Ionic Compounds in H₂O
• Summarizes the experimental observations regarding solubility.
any
imic compond
contain this S
All solvable
soluble Nat k NHyt
+
is
>
-
NaCl (salt) *
NO5 ClOp
m
group 2 A
KNOs etc .
*
*
most insolvables
remember ↳always
able
>
exception
-
!
the MgS
cas
!
~
remember !
BalOH) !
~
Solubility: the amount of a substance that can be dissolvedwater
in a given
at
quantity
later
solubility
°
in
of a solvent at a given temperature. ex ·
C 20 ,
0043g/lrog
0
oxygen
:
water
.
=>
Note: Any substance with a solubility less than 0.01 mol/L will be considered
re s e
insoluble.
, METATHESIS REACTIONS fi
...
AX + BY → AY + BX replace each cation and Anior
,
ex: Na₂CrO₄(aq) + 2 AgNO₃(aq) → 2 NaNO₃(aq) + Ag₂CrO₄(s)
Net Ionic Equations
↳
precipitation
Al +
Y
+
-
1. Break up (aq) species into ions AX >
-
A + x BY > B +
2. Keep any (s) or (ppt) as they are
BX
2S 1/
Na⁺(aq) + CrO₄²⁻(aq) + 2 Ag⁺(aq) + 2 NO₃ ⁻(aq) → 2 Na⁺(aq) +/
2 NO₃⁻(aq)
+ Ag₂CrO₄(s)
(complete ionic equation)
3. Cancel out all spectator ions
2 Ag⁺(aq) + CrO₄²⁻(aq) → Ag₂CrO₄(s)
(net ionic equation)
+ B
Y gro
+
A+ x
-
Ye
At
A Y
priciptation,3
>
- insolvable
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