Upper Gastrointestinal Problems:
Nausea, Vomiting, and Disorders
Nausea - ANS Feeling of discomfort in epigastric area; need to vomit
Vomiting (emesis) - ANS Forceful ejection of partially digested food and secretions
Chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) - ANS Brainstem area responding to stimuli from drugs, toxins,
and motion; activates ANS
SNS - ANS Sympathetic Nervous System response: tachycardia, tachypnea, diaphoresis
PNS - ANS Parasympathetic Nervous System response: Relaxes LES, increases gastric motility,
increases saliva
Anorexia - ANS Lack of appetite
Metabolic acidosis - ANS Condition resulting from loss of HCl acid with vomiting of small intestine
contents
Metabolic alkalosis - ANS Condition resulting from loss of gastric HCl
Circulatory failure - ANS Failure of the circulatory system
Interprofessional Care - ANS Collaborative care involving multiple healthcare professionals
Assessment - ANS Process of evaluating a patient's condition through subjective and objective data
Bright red blood - ANS Indicates active bleeding
Coffee-ground emesis - ANS Indicates gastric bleeding
Regurgitation - ANS Effortless process of partially digested food coming up from the stomach
, Projectile vomiting - ANS Forceful expulsion of stomach contents without nausea
Fluid imbalance - ANS Disruption in the balance of fluids in the body
Electrolyte imbalance - ANS Disruption in the balance of electrolytes in the body
Nutritionally compromised - ANS Condition of being compromised in terms of nutrition
Impaired GI function - ANS Reduced or dysfunctional gastrointestinal function
Planning - ANS Process of setting goals and strategies for patient care
Implementation - ANS Putting the plan into action
Gerontologic considerations - ANS Considerations specific to the care of elderly individuals
Antiemetic drugs - ANS Medications used to prevent or treat nausea and vomiting
Respiratory Acidosis - ANS Low pH, high PaCO2, normal HCO3-
Respiratory Alkalosis - ANS High pH, low PaCO2, normal HCO3-
Metabolic Acidosis - ANS Low pH, normal PaCO2, low HCO3-
Metabolic Alkalosis - ANS High pH, normal PaCO2, high HCO3-
HCO3- - ANS Bicarbonate ion; 25-30 mEq/L normal range
PaCO2 - ANS Partial pressure of carbon dioxide; 35-45 mm Hg normal range
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