1. Which of the following requires you to develop a plan of
action, initiate the plan, reassess the plan as care for the
patient moves forward, and adjust the plan as the patient's
condition or circumstances change?
A. Principles of PHTLS
B. The Golden Period
C. The XABCDE assessment
D. Critical thinking process ...ANSWER... Question 1: D
To help achieve the PHTLS goals, you will apply your critical
thinking skills in the field. Critical thinking in medicine is a
process in which the healthcare practitioner assesses the
situation, the patient, and the resources available and uses the
information to decide on and provide the best care for the
patient.
2. When using the XABCDE assessment, which of the
following takes precedence over all other actions?
,2|Page
A. Controlling severe bleeding from a limb or other
compressible site
B. Airway stabilization and assessing circulatory status
C. Exposing the body to allow a thorough evaluation
D. Ensuring adequate breathing ...ANSWER... Question 2: A
The "X" placed before "ABCDE" in the primary survey refers to
the need to address exsanguinating hemorrhage immediately
after establishing scene safety and before addressing airway.
Severe exsanguinating hemorrhage, particularly arterial
bleeding, has the potential to lead to loss of total or near total
blood volume in a relatively short period of time.
3. Which of the following is the basis on which a patient's
chance of survival is maximized?
A. Preferences
B. Phases
C. Principles
D. Transport ...ANSWER... Question 3: C
The science of medicine provides the principles of medical care.
Simply stated, principles define the duties required of the
prehospital care practitioner in optimizing patient survival and
outcome.
,3|Page
4. Which of the following is a goal of the Golden Period?
A. Provide written documentation from field care to receiving
hospital.
B. Expedite the field care and transport of the patient.
C. Use a team approach for optimal patient care.
D. Use the XABCDE approach to patient
assessment. ...ANSWER... Question 4: B
One of your most important responsibilities as a prehospital
care practitioner is to spend as little time on the scene as
possible and expedite your field care and transport of the
patient. Studies show that the time from injury to arrival at the
appropriate site for definitive care is critical to survival.
1. You are called to the scene of a possible mass casualty
motor vehicle collision on the highway. Once you arrive on
scene, what is your first priority?
A. Immediately begin triaging patients.
B. Treat the patient with the most visible blood loss.
C. Determine the need for additional resources.
D. Assess the scene and ensure it is safe. ...ANSWER...
Question 1: D
, 4|Page
Ensure safety for responders, bystanders, and patient(s). The
first consideration when approaching any scene is the safety of
all emergency responders. When EMS personnel become
victims, they not only can no longer assist others, but also add
to the number of patients.
2. A trauma patient from the highway incident is holding her
right arm, and you note a significant amount of blood
steadily flowing from a long gash. This is an example of what
type of hemorrhage?
A. Capillary bleeding
B. Venous bleeding
C. Arterial bleeding
D. Road rash ...ANSWER... Question 2: B
Venous bleeding typically results in a steady flow of dark red
blood.
3. What is the best way to control the bleeding?
A. Direct pressure
B. Elevation of the arm above the heart
C. Tourniquet
D. Occlusive dressing ...ANSWER... Question 3: A
With venous bleeds, direct pressure isusually sufficient to stop
the flow.
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