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MIC 205 exam 3 Daydif ASU/166 questions plus Answers
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MIC 205 exam 3 Daydif ASU/166 questionsplus Answers
Prion Characteristics - - single protein, two stable tertiary structures,
mammals contain gene, excess PrP production or mutations in Prp gene,
cause newly synthesized cellular form to refold into prion form
- Prion diseases - - only destroyed by incineration
- Drugs - - are used to control the growth of microorganisms in the body/
chemicals that affect physiology
- Controlling microbial growth in the body - - incineration, UV rays from
sunlight, Pressure
- Chemotherapeutic Agents - - drugs that act against diseases;
antimicrobials designed to treat infections
- Drug examples - - Penicillin (antibacterial); tylenol (pain med); insulin
(sugar control); birth control pills; zanax; viagra; caffiene; THC/Acid
- Paul Ehrlich - - Salvarsan (arsphenamine) 1910- first modern
chemotherapeutic agent; arsenic compound used to treat syphilis
- Alexander Fleming - - Penicillin 1929- not available routinely until late
1940's; produced by penicillium mold
- Gerhard Domagk - - Sulfanilamide 1932- first widely available and
practical antimicrobial agent; inhibits metabolic synthesis of DNA and RNA
nucleotides
- Selective toxicity - - key factor for antimicrobial action in the body; kill the
pathogen but not the host
- Inhibition of cell wall synthesis - - prevent cross-linkage of NAM in newly
synthesized bacterial cell walls; no effect on existing peptidoglycan; growing
cells; no effect on plant/animal cells
- Beta lactams - - most prominent in this group; functional of molecules are
beta lactam rings
- beta lactam rings - - binds to enzymes that cross link NAM subunits; cause
bacteria to have weakened cell walls and eventually lyse
, - Semisynthetic derivatives of beta-lactams - - more stable in acidic
environments; more readily absorbed; less susceptible to deactivation; more
active against more types of bacteria
- Inhibition of Protein synthesis - - prokaryotic ribosomes are 70s;
selectively targeting and inhibiting translation
- Protein synthesis examples - - streptomycin; tetracyclines; erythromycin;
- Disruption of cytoplasmic membranes - - incorporated into the cytoplasmic
membrane and damage its integrity
- Amphotericin B - - attaches to ergosterol found in fungal membranes-
antifungal agent
- Sulfa drugs - - inhibit metabolic pathways used for biosynthesis of DNA
and RNA nulceotides
- Broad spectrum drugs - - may allow for secondary or superinfections to
develop (killing of normal flora reduces microbial antagonism)
- External Infections: - - topical(local)- direct application of creams and
pastes to the skin
- Internal Infections: - - Oral-simple, but patients struggle following
directions
Intramuscular- direct injection into muscle tissue
Intravenous- direct administration into blood stream via needle/catheter;
achieves highest levels of drug in body in shortest amount of time
- Toxicity - - kidneys, liver, nerves
- Tetracylcine - - froms calcium complexes that damage teeth and bones
- allergies - - rare, but can be life threatening
- Disruption of normal flora - - yeast infections: overgrowth of Candida
albicans in the vagina or mouth
Pseudomembranous colitis: overgrowth of Clastridium difficile in colon due to
clindamycin and cepahlosporin antibiotics
- Development of Resistant Organisms - - bacteria acquire drug resistance
in two way; spontaneous mutations of chromosomal genes/ acquisition of
antibiotic resistance plasmids via transformation, transduction, and
conjugation
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