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ASU MIC 205 Exam 2 Review Questions and answers
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ASU MIC 205 Exam 2 ReviewQuestions and answers
What is catabolism? - - the breakdown of complex molecules in living
organisms to form simpler ones, together with the release of energy.
- How does catabolism relate to metabolism? - - it is the set of metabolic
processes that break down large molecules. destructive metabolism.
- What is anabolism? - - the synthesis of complex molecules in living
organisms from simpler ones together with the storage of energy.
- How does anabolism relate to metabolism? - - it is the building-up aspect
of metabolism; constructive metabolism.
- What is a redox reaction? - - A redox reaction is a mix of Oxidation and
reduction and is a type of chemical reaction that involves a transfer of
electrons between two species.
- What is oxidation? - - Oxidation is the loss of electrons or an increase in
the oxidation state of a chemical or atoms within it.
- What is Reduction? - - Reduction is the gain of electrons or a decrease in
the oxidation state of a chemical or atoms within it.
- What does a redox reaction have to do with metabolism? - - Metabolic
energy derives from processes of oxidation and reduction
- What is ATP? - - Energy-carrying molecule found in the cells of all living
things
- Why is ATP important in metabolism? - - It provides the energy needed for
many essential processes in organisms and cells. These include intracellular
signaling, DNA and RNA synthesis, Purinergic signaling, synaptic signaling,
active transport, and muscle contraction.
- What is FADH2? - - a redox cofactor and is a high energy electron carrier
used to transport electrons generated in Glycolysis and Krebs Cycle to the
Electron Transport Chain. only has 2 molecules.
- What is NADH? - - acts as an electron carrier, shuttling electrons from
glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to the electron transport chain. Has 6
molecules
, - Aerobic respiration - - Respiration that requires oxygen to form ATP
- Anerobic respiration - - Respiration that does not require oxygen to form
ATP
- What is respiration? - - The transfer of oxygen from the outside
environment to cells within tissues, as well as the removal of carbon dioxide
in the opposite way
- What is fermentation? - - The chemical breakdown of a substance by
bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms, typically involving effervescence
and the giving off of heat.
- What are the electron acceptors in anaerobic respiration? - - sulfate,
nitrate, or sulfur are used as electron acceptors.
- What are the electron acceptors in aerobic respiration? - - Oxygen
- What energetic consequence do the electron acceptors in anaerobic
respiration have in comparison to oxygen? - - These molecules have a lower
reduction potential than oxygen; thus, less energy is formed per molecule of
glucose in anaerobic versus aerobic
- How does anaerobic respiration play a role in disease? - - enzymes
involved in anaerobic respiration are necessary for the pathogen's ability to
persist on respiratory tract epithelium
- What is the electron acceptor in fermentation? - - NADH is the electron
carrier that ultimately carries them to pyruvate. Pyruvate is reduced to lactic
acid
- What are some fermentation products? - - lactic acid, ethanol, carbon
dioxide, and hydrogen gas. Other products include butanol, acetone, and
methane.
- How does fermentation differ from respiration? - - Fermentation does not
fully oxidize glucose. Instead, small, reduced organic molecules are produced
as waste. As a result, cellular respiration releases more energy from glucose
than fermentation.
- What are exoenzymes? - - An enzyme that is secreted by a cell and
functions outside that cell.
- What do exoenzymes do? - - help catalyze the breakdown of high-
molecular-weight polymers in the environment into simpler forms that can
then be easily assimilated and utilized
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