NURG604 Module 7 Test with Verified Q&A’S
| Latest Update
Antihistamines are not typically prescribed in patients with bronchitis. Why? -
✔✔antihistamines should not be used due to excessive drying effect; these agents tend to
prolong symptoms
bronchitis pic - ✔✔
Bronchiolitis - ✔✔Viral disease
Inflammatory obstruction of small airways
Inadequate expiratory flow
Infection → necrosis and sloughing of cells into airways
Infancy - 2 years
Bronchiolitis: What specific virus is the likely cause of bronchiolitis in children? Symptoms? -
✔✔Causative agent: In 50-80% of patients with Bronchiolitis, causative agent is RSV. Others
are enterovirus/rhinovirus, metapneumovirus, influenza, parainfluenza, bocavirus, and
adenovirus
Symptoms:
- cough, coryza, and rhinorrhea for 1-2 days prior to lower respiratory disease. No prodrome in
some infants. First symptoms may be apnea
- gradual development of respiratory distress with persistent coughing, wheezing, tachypnea,
chest retractions
,- low grade to moderate fever up to 102
- decrease in appetite
-usually course is the worst 48-72h after wheezing starts. Peaks at 5-7 days
Bronchiolitis management - ✔✔- At present, no evidence shows that pharmacologic therapy
is effective in management of bronchiolitis.
- Supportive care remains the mainstay and includes fever control, maintaining hydration, and
nutrition, while keeping O2 levels >90% (with supplemental O2 if necessary)
- nasal suctioning to clear upper nasal passages
Please note:
- AAP NO-LONGER supports trials of bronchodilators as an option for infants and children
because of risk associate with their use and the lack of evidence supporting effects.
- use of EPI is also not recommended in infants/children
- Systemic corticosteroids should NOT be used in treatment of bronchiolitis in infants
- chest physiotherapy is contraindicated in infants and children
-antibiotics have no place in treatment of viral disease s/a bronchiolitis unless there is suspicion
of concomitant bacterial infection
Should a trial of bronchodilators be used in bronchiolitis? - ✔✔NO.
AAP NO-LONGER supports trials of bronchodilators as an option for infants and children
because of risk associate with their use and the lack of evidence supporting effects.
What is the Synagis vaccine? - ✔✔Synagis (palivizumb) is an RSV specific monoclinal
antibody used to provide some protection from severe RSV infection for a very small population
of high risk infants
, What is the most common cause of bronchiolitis? - ✔✔RSV
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) - ✔✔Most common cause of bronchiolitis
Clinical Findings
◦ Initially, URI symptoms
◦ Respiratory distress
◦ Tachypnea
◦ Raspy breathing
◦ Wheezing
Prophylaxis
◦ Synagis (palivizumab)
Diagnostic Tests
◦ Chest radiographs
◦ Nasal smear for RSV
Management
◦ Supportive
Complications
◦ Prolonged apnea, respiratory acidosis, dehydration
Pneumonia - ✔✔Lower respiratory tract infection
| Latest Update
Antihistamines are not typically prescribed in patients with bronchitis. Why? -
✔✔antihistamines should not be used due to excessive drying effect; these agents tend to
prolong symptoms
bronchitis pic - ✔✔
Bronchiolitis - ✔✔Viral disease
Inflammatory obstruction of small airways
Inadequate expiratory flow
Infection → necrosis and sloughing of cells into airways
Infancy - 2 years
Bronchiolitis: What specific virus is the likely cause of bronchiolitis in children? Symptoms? -
✔✔Causative agent: In 50-80% of patients with Bronchiolitis, causative agent is RSV. Others
are enterovirus/rhinovirus, metapneumovirus, influenza, parainfluenza, bocavirus, and
adenovirus
Symptoms:
- cough, coryza, and rhinorrhea for 1-2 days prior to lower respiratory disease. No prodrome in
some infants. First symptoms may be apnea
- gradual development of respiratory distress with persistent coughing, wheezing, tachypnea,
chest retractions
,- low grade to moderate fever up to 102
- decrease in appetite
-usually course is the worst 48-72h after wheezing starts. Peaks at 5-7 days
Bronchiolitis management - ✔✔- At present, no evidence shows that pharmacologic therapy
is effective in management of bronchiolitis.
- Supportive care remains the mainstay and includes fever control, maintaining hydration, and
nutrition, while keeping O2 levels >90% (with supplemental O2 if necessary)
- nasal suctioning to clear upper nasal passages
Please note:
- AAP NO-LONGER supports trials of bronchodilators as an option for infants and children
because of risk associate with their use and the lack of evidence supporting effects.
- use of EPI is also not recommended in infants/children
- Systemic corticosteroids should NOT be used in treatment of bronchiolitis in infants
- chest physiotherapy is contraindicated in infants and children
-antibiotics have no place in treatment of viral disease s/a bronchiolitis unless there is suspicion
of concomitant bacterial infection
Should a trial of bronchodilators be used in bronchiolitis? - ✔✔NO.
AAP NO-LONGER supports trials of bronchodilators as an option for infants and children
because of risk associate with their use and the lack of evidence supporting effects.
What is the Synagis vaccine? - ✔✔Synagis (palivizumb) is an RSV specific monoclinal
antibody used to provide some protection from severe RSV infection for a very small population
of high risk infants
, What is the most common cause of bronchiolitis? - ✔✔RSV
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) - ✔✔Most common cause of bronchiolitis
Clinical Findings
◦ Initially, URI symptoms
◦ Respiratory distress
◦ Tachypnea
◦ Raspy breathing
◦ Wheezing
Prophylaxis
◦ Synagis (palivizumab)
Diagnostic Tests
◦ Chest radiographs
◦ Nasal smear for RSV
Management
◦ Supportive
Complications
◦ Prolonged apnea, respiratory acidosis, dehydration
Pneumonia - ✔✔Lower respiratory tract infection
