Class notes
Lecture notes
- Course
- Organic Chemistry 1
- Institution
- Rutgers University
An in depth explanation of all of the concepts of organic chemistry semester 1 along side example problems and solutions.
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
Content preview
,Chapter 2 : Bonding inOrganic Molecules
1 Lewis
.
Bonding Model
octet
rule-every atom for chemical combination to acquire se around it
-
goes
Valence e- # bonds to
2nd now atom complete octet examples
-
(4)
C 4 - H
=
no lone
pairs
1 lone
-
(5) N 3 : NEN : pair
a
(6)
O 2
(7) F I H-F :
organic molecule example :
2 bromo 3 pentanone
HBTH "
COMPLETE LENIS STATE T
>
-
organic molecules are networks of C-c and C-It bonds
· use "line notation"
· assumed there are c-H bonds , but not explicitly written
, example 1 : 2 bromo spentanone
:
Bri ⑨
line representation of
molecule above
&
:
⑨
example 2
:H: ,
·
-
H o Ni
it it
line structure ONLY applies to C-H bonds,
other bonds should be written in Lewis format
11 . Formal charge
When
>
- atom forms lesser # of bonds than the ideal of bonds it formal
an or more , gets charge
, example 3 :
None
4e lone
H =
less
bondmeansextralonepaia
formed anEbonde As
I be N normally has one lone pair in ideal conditions
, ↳ example 4:
CH2N2
um
extra pair
Fl : 0 +o +
extend
O lone
- > Better option be minimizes charge
and allows octet rule (meaning possible
as many bonds as
· - =
F( : 0+ 1 -
2 = -
1 FC : -
1 + 1 -
1 = -
1
[CH30H27t * Skeletal structure : no lone pairs and
wun
end
i FC : 0 + 1 = + 1
/
REMEMBER Lewis
:
structure & FC should match the given Molecule (FC should be minimized to allow most bond formation
7
III Molecular Shape & Bond
.
Angle
-ond
I
of e- shape
groups Examples molecular angle
-
2
group 0 = c = 0 linear 1800
3
group
H trigonal planar 1200
4
group
I
i I
tetrahedral
I
109 50
.
I
↓ LONE PAIRS
-
lone pairs example Shape angle
I 1 lone
zione
pair
pair
H-
H
pyramidal
bent
<
109 50
109 50.
.
>
- non-stable molecules are called "intermediates"
↳ example : draw a 3-D structure of ICH3NHgJt , CHENHz , CHINH
H- Hig,
H
2
_
has to be 2D
Tetrahedralsaade
H -
H
c = N -
H
+
H
*+109
To
H
. 50 H
-109 50
N
E t H
.
·
H #109 30 .
+
109 50
.
, IV . & Molecular
Bond
Polarity Polarity
>
- Bond polarity
bonds shared
·
nonpolar : e-are equally between atoms w/ same
electronegativity
polar bonds : difference in between bonded
·
electronegativity atoms, OR
polarity is due to polarization of atoms
↳ polarizable atom-distribution of e- is
readily distorted due to
larger size
> Molecular
-
Geometry
·
dipole moment : Vector sum of individual dipole
Cl
↳ example :
*
different atoms =
unsymmetrical atom
*
be bond lengths would vary
C111/1 e)
Cl
⑭
Cl
NOTE : bond dipoles written as 'F from less electronegative tomore
are
goes a negative
↳ example :
16
St
8 -
St
N -
H
H
:
: H
- CS -
"T =nonpolar
↳ example :
-F BUT ,-
nonpolar POLAR
.
V Bonding in covalent molecules
I example/bondangee
I
_
hybrid. # Orbitals mol .
Shape
Sp 2 0 linear
Sp3
sp2
I
3
4
I
⑳ 1
1200
109 50 .
I
trigonal planar
tetrahedral
16 bonds are formed with hybridized orbitals and it bonds are formed W/ unhybridized p or d orbitals
F
S He
E Sp3
j :
10/sp3 be
4 orbitalon H66H
cyy
6
I
· So
F
be
F
3 eg
Try This :
H H
I ToA
3
it
ps 4 Spe
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller khushigupte. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $8.79. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
66579 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now