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PNG 2251-Exam 1 Study Set @
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PNG 2251-Exam 1 Study Set @2024-2025
Give meaning and example
-ectomy - Answer Meaning: Excision/removal of
Example: Appendectomy
Give meaning and example
-lysis - Answer Meaning: Destruction of
Example: Electrolysis
-orrhaphy - Answer Meaning: Repair or suture of 2024
Example: Herniorrhaphy
-oscopy - Answer Meaning: Looking into
Example: Colonoscopy, laparoscopy
-ostomy - Answer Meaning: Creation of opening into
Example: Colostomy
-plasty - Answer Meaning: Repair or reconstruction of
Example: Mammoplasty, rhinoplasty
Types of surgery are based on timing (3) - Answer 1. Elective
2. Urgent
3. Emergency
Elective surgery - Answer Elective surgery, often requested by the patient, is performed
for non-life-threatening procedures and conditions. For example, total knee
replacement or breast augmentation.
Urgent surgery - Answer Urgent surgery describes procedures which need to be
performed within a short period of time (usually within 48 hours). Often if a patient
requires emergency surgery, but is medically unstable, the surgery becomes urgent
surgery. The patient is then stabilized so that surgery can be performed safely.
Emergency surgery - Answer Emergency surgery is performed immediately on a patient
,who may otherwise suffer permanent disability or death.
Types of surgical procedures (5) - Answer diagnostic, exploratory, curative, palliative,
cosmetic
Diagnostic surgery is...
List an example of this surgery - Answer removal & study of tissue to man an accurate
diagnosis
Example: biopsy
Diagnostic surgery is...exploratory
List an example of this surgery - Answer opening into the body (organ, cavity, etc) to
make diagnosis
Example: colonoscopy
Diagnostic surgery is...curative
List an example of this surgery - Answer Removal of disease tissue or correct defect of
some sort
Example: appendectomy
Diagnostic surgery is...palliative
List an example of this surgery - Answer Relieves symptoms to improve function. Not
curative.
Example: removing tumor that is pressing on bowel obstruction. Surgery doesn't cure
patient but makes life more comfortable
Diagnostic surgery is... cosmetic
List an example of this surgery - Answer Surgery to improve & enhance appearance
Example: breast augmentation
primary intention healing - Answer tissue surfaces are approximated (closed) and there
is minimal or no tissue loss, formation of minimal granulation tissue and scarring
secondary intention healing - Answer wound in which the tissue surfaces are not
approximated and there is extensive tissue loss; formation of excessive granulation
tissue and scarring
tertiary intention healing - Answer AKA delayed primary closure; a wound in which the
edges could be pulled together and closed with sutures or staples but is purposely left
open for 3-5 days due to excessive drainage, hemorrhage, or infection in the wound
before it is closed
, Factor that affect healing (5) - Answer age
diet
lifestyle
presence of infection
chronic illness
What is meant with 'progression of patient diet' - Answer Patients are usually given clear
liquids, then full fluids, and advanced to soft foods. Once GI function has returned
(passing flatus and BS present) then they can have solid foods in their diet.
signs of infection vs. normal inflammatory response - Answer Low-grade fever is
common in first 2 days post-op . If temperature greater than 38 degrees or lasts more
than the 2 days an infection is suspected and wil be investigated.
disadvantages of packing - Answer Pack cavities with loose dressing material., do not
over pack because it may increase the pressure and cause increased damage to the
wound bed and interfere with wound healing. The edges must not be left wet or
maceration occurs. Another disadvantage is that it is painful. Lastly, it is an environment
that is warm, moist and dark, an environment where bacteria would love to grow
therefore it is higher risk of infection than a dry dressing.
Cystoscopy - Answer is looking into the urethra, bladder and ureters by a SCOPE
Lithotomy - Answer removal of a calculus by cutting into an organ or duct.
Cystolithotomy - Answer is removing the calculus from the urethra, bladder or ureters
by cutting into the organ or duct
Is basket extraction (of kidney stones) the same as cystoscopy? - Answer It is done
during a cystoscopy as it can only be done in the bottom third of the ureter and if a stone
is removed in this manner is is called "basket extraction"
Complications in surgery factors (6) - Answer patient's age
fluid and electrolyte status
general health
medications
nutritional status and mental health
attitude.
anesthetic complications (5) - Answer bleeding problems during a procedure
blood clots caused by surgery
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