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PNG 2251 Health And Illness Neurovascular Disorders Exam Study Guide
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PNG 2251 Health And IllnessNeurovascular Disorders Exam
Study Guide
Lumbar Puncture - Answer CSF is taken to diagnose infections and other CNS disorders
headache - Answer loss of CSF can cause this symptom
Electroencephalogram (EEG) - Answer used to detect seizure activity and looks at the
electrical activity of the brain
anticonvulsants, sedatives and stimulants - Answer What medications should be held 48
Hours before an EEG?
Brain Scan - Answer detects pattern of distribution of radioactive isotope that has been
injected IV it is used to diagnose tumours, mkeatomas and occlusions
Cerebral angiogram - Answer a computer image detects abnormalities in carotid and
cerebral blood vessels
CT of the head - Answer this test shows intracranial structures
MRI of the head - Answer creates images of intracranial structures without radiation
scalp injury - Answer A _______ ________ is a laceration, contusion, abrasion or
hematoma to the head that bleeds profusely
Concussion - Answer there is no visible injury to the brain or skull but with a _________
there is loss of consciousness lasting less than 5 minutes. There may be nausea,
vomiting and amnesia
subdural and epidural - Answer what are the two types of hematoma?
Subdural Hematoma - Answer usually this results from the tearing of the veins that drain
the brain, allowing blood to accumulate in the space between the dura
Epidural Hematoma - Answer forms in the space between the inner surface of the skill
and the dura, arterial bleeding. They usually have a loss of consciousness and a brief
lucid period before losing consciousness again
craniotomy or burrholes - Answer What are some treatments for a hematoma?
Ineffective tissue perfusion - Answer ________ __________ ________ when increased, can
impair cerebral blood flow
, increased ICP - Answer what are the following treatments used for. Give mannitol, vitals
(including GCS) q5mins and elevate HOB 30 degrees
ineffective breathing pattern - Answer ICP can cause this if there is pressure on the
reticular activating system thats why it is an important NDx for a patient with a head
injury
thinking, sensation, emotion and language - Answer A TBI can cause a wide range of
functional short and longer term changes affecting these 4 areas
Traumatic Brain Injury - Answer This can cause epilepsy, and increase the risk of
Alzheimers, Parkinson's and tiger brain disorders
cummulative neurological and cognitive defects - Answer Repeated TBI's can cause this
Meningitis - Answer inflammation of the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal
cord caused by viruses or bacteria
headache, stiffness of back/neck, irritability, diminished LOC, photophobia - Answer
What are some S&S of meningitis
ineffective Tissue perfusion, acute pain, ineffective breathing pattern, risk for injury,
deficient fluid volume - Answer What are some possible NDx's for a person with
meningitis
level of consciousness (LOC) - Answer What is the most reliable indicator of mental
status is someone with increased Intracranial Pressure?
because of its extreme sensitivity to oxygen levels in the blood and ICP increased
perfusion is reduced and o2 delivery to the cerebral tissue is reduced - Answer Why is
LOC the most reliable indicator of increased ICP?
Decerebrate - Answer in this position the lower body is extended and upper extremities
are abnormally extended this may occur with painful stimuli
pressure on the midbrain or pons - Answer what is the decerebrate position due to?
Decorticate - Answer abnormal flexion in the upper extremities with extension in the
lower extremities
pressure on the midbrain - Answer what is the decorticate position due to?
Hypertension, Bradycardia and widening pulse pressure - Answer Cushings triad is
associated with increased ICP; what is Cushing's triad?
fever, irregular respirations, depressed respirations - Answer What S&S may
accompany Cushing's Triad?
Positioning, Hyperventilation, Fluid Management and Drug Therapy - Answer What are
the four treatments used to help decreased ICP?
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