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4th Edition BCNS Exam Practice Questions & Answers 2024/2025
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4th Edition BCNS Exam Practice Questions & Answers 2024/2025 d. long-chain fatty acids They are still too big to be absorbed directly - ANSWERSExamples of dietary nutrients that are not absorbed directly into the enterohepatic portal blood system include: a. amino acids. b. medium-chain fatt...

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  • September 27, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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4th Edition BCNS Exam Practice
Questions & Answers 2024/2025

d. long-chain fatty acids They are still too big to be absorbed directly - ANSWERSExamples of dietary
nutrients that are not absorbed directly into the enterohepatic portal blood system include:

a. amino acids.

b. medium-chain fatty acids.

c. monosaccharides.

d. long-chain fatty acids.



b. progesterone. "gest"=gestation. Progesterone, NOT estrogen, has been associated with decreased
contraction frequency and slow gastric emptying - ANSWERSThe hormone responsible for the decrease
in gastrointestinal smooth muscle tone and motility during pregnancy is:

a. estrogen.

b. progesterone.

c. placental lactogen.

d. human chorionic ghonadotropin.



a. chylomicrons. Chylomicrons are what lipids are repackaged

into so they can be transported. - ANSWERSThe ingestion of a meal containing large amounts of
saturated fat will result in a transient increase in the serum concentration of:

a. chylomicrons.

b. low-density lipoproteins.

c. high-density lipoproteins.

d. micelles.



a. trypsin. enterokinase secreted by duodenal enterocytes

converts trypsinogen to trypsin. Enter=Trip - ANSWERSThe product of enterokinase reactions is:

a. trypsin.

,b. chymotrypsin.

c. pepsin.

d. carboxypeptidase.



c. transferrin. TRANS= transport Ferrin= Iron - ANSWERSMost iron is transported in the blood via the
plasma carrier:

a. heme.

b. ferritin.

c. transferrin.

d. albumin.



d. intestinal mucosa. The small intestine is where ingested fats are broken down into smaller
components, like cholesterol. Dietary cholesterol is transported from the small intestine to the liver
within chylomicrons. - ANSWERSThe organs most active in the synthesis of endogenous cholesterol are
the liver

and the:

a. gallbladder.

b. pancreas.

c. adrenal glands.

d. intestinal mucosa.



c. a nonabsorbable laxative. It is not absorbed nor broken down by human enzymes, it stays in the
digestive bolus, causing retention of water leading to softer, easier to pass stool - ANSWERSLactulose is a
carbohydrate that is:

a. absorbed in the small intestine.

b. absorbed in the large intestine.

c. a nonabsorbable laxative.

d. not found in the human diet.



c. jejunum. Protein is absorbed in the middle of the small intestine. DJ-Ill - ANSWERSDigested dietary
protein is absorbed primarily in the:

,a. stomach.

b. duodenum.

c. jejunum.

d. ileum.



b. facilitated diffusion. Most carbohydrates are transported

across biological membranes via facilitated diffusion. - ANSWERSMonosaccharides are transported
across the placenta from the maternal circulation to the fetal circulation by the process of:

a. simple diffusion.

b. facilitated diffusion.

c. active transport.

d. pinocytosis.



b. from the circulation to the intestinal lumen. When the osmotic pressure of the two fluid
compartments are equal, all body fluids have an osmolarity near 300 mOsm/L. Otherwise, they go from
high to low. Circulation is the bolus, the intestinal lumen is the surrounding layer trying to reabsorb the
water - ANSWERSIf a bolus containing 600 mOsm/L enters the jejunum, the net direction of fluid
movement in the intestinal tract will be:

a. from the intestinal lumen to the circulation.

b. from the circulation to the intestinal lumen.

c. longitudinally along the mucosal basement membrane.

d. from the circulation to the lymphoid system.



d. carbohydrates. Resistant Starches/Carbohydrates are fermented in the large intestine, the byproducts
are short chain fatty acids along with GASES are. SCFAs can be absorbed into the body and can be used
by colonic bacteria for energy. - ANSWERSExcessive production of gas within the intestines may be
caused by excessive colonic bacterial fermentation of unabsorbed:

a. gluten.

b. small peptides.

c. lignin.

d. carbohydrates.

, c. glutathione. - ANSWERSA major intracellular antioxidant is the nutrient:

a. vitamin A.

b. thiamin.

c. glutathione.

d. ascorbic acid.



c. denaturation. The large polypeptide amino acids that make proteins must be denatured to become
smaller units prior to digestion, HCl makes this possible - ANSWERSA required prerequisite to the
digestion of proteins is the HCl-dependent process called:

a. hydrolysis.

b. evaporation.

c. denaturation.

d. distillation.



d. > 95%. Dietary fatty-acids and lipid-soluble compounds enter intestinal cells by passive/simple
diffusion, so most is easily absorbed. - ANSWERSThe true digestibility of dietary fatty acids is:

a. 65% to 75%.

b. 75% to 85%.

c. 85% to 95%.

d. > 95%.



c. numbers of double bonds. Gamma in Greek is 3, linoleic acid has 2 double bonds, gamma has 3, or,
one MORE double bond. - ANSWERSThe structures of linoleic acid and gamma-linolenic acid differ in
their:

a. chain lengths.

b. double bond positions.

c. numbers of double bonds.

d. side chain moieties.



c. amylose. It is a plant polysaccharide similar to glucose - ANSWERSAn example of a compound that is
not considered to be a component of dietary fiber is:

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