BIOPSYCH Chapter 6 on drugs and hormones on brain and behavior Exam Review Questions and A Level Marking Scheme Latest 2024/2025
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Course
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
Institution
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
BIOPSYCH Chapter 6 on drugs and hormones on brain and behavior Exam Review Questions and A Level Marking Scheme Latest 2024/2025
Drugs alter chemical processes at synthesis stage of synaptic transmission... - correct answer in the cell body, axon or terminal
Drugs alter chemical processes at ...
,Tolerance - correct answer a learned behavior results when a response to a stimulus
weakens with repeated presentations
This is like habituation but for drugs.
Metabolic tolerance - correct answer Increase in number of enzymes used to break
down substance
Cellular tolerance - correct answer Activities of brain cells adjust to minimize effects of
the substance
Learned tolerance - correct answer People learn to cope with being intoxicated
Sensitization - correct answer increased responsiveness/reaction to successive
EQUAL doses of a drug
- Opposite of tolerance.
(whereas tolerance generally develops with repeated use of a drug, sensitization is
much more likely to develop with occasional use)
Not always characterized by an increase in an emitted behavior but may also manifest
as a progressive decrease in behavior
Psychoactive drug I - correct answer Antianxiety Agents and Sedative Hypnotics
-benzo's
-barbituates
-anesthetics
Psychoactive drug II - correct answer Antipsychotic Agents
,-first and second gen
Psychoactive drug III - correct answer Antidepressants/ Mood Stabilizers
- Produce sedation and sleep (e.g., alcohol)
- Can also produce general anesthesia, coma, and death
, -modulate GABA
Benzodiazepines - correct answer - Minor tranquilizers
- Antianxiety agents (e.g., Valium)
• Often used for temporary purposes (e.g., coping with stress due to a death in family)
-modulate GABA
Cross-tolerance - correct answer Response to a novel drug is reduced because of
tolerance developed in response to a related drug that acts on similar area
Suggests that the two drugs affect a common nervous system target
• Example: Barbituates and benzodiazepines affect the inhibitory neurotransmitter
GABA
Gabaa Receptor - correct answer Activation produces an influx of chloride (Cl−) ions,
which hyperpolarizes the neuron (IPSP)
Has 2 sites
1. Sedative-hypnotic site
2. Anti anxiety site
Sedative-hypnotic site of gabaa receptor - correct answer Alcohol and barbituates
• Directly influences Cl− influx
Anti anxiety site of gabaa receptor - correct answer Benzodiazepines
• Enhances binding effects of GABA
• Effect is dependent upon amount of GABA present - Harder to overdose
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