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LING 115 - Unit 7 questions well answered
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LING 115 - Unit 7 questions well answered
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LING 115 - Unit 7The first settlers in the Americas came from Asia via a land bridge which connected Siberia to Alaska.
They were the indigenous population of North, Cantal, and South America. - correct answer ✔✔True
At the time of the arrival of the first Europeans there were 2 million native Americans in North America,
speaking 300 different languages. - correct answer ✔✔True
What languages did the early European settlers speak? - correct answer ✔✔English, Spanish, and French
Which areas spoke which languages during early European settlement in North America? - correct
answer ✔✔- Spanish: Florida and the Southwest
- English: East coast and northern Canada
- French: from Canada to Louisiana along the Mississippi
The French areas during early European settlement were heavily populated - correct answer ✔✔False
Very large area, but thinly populated
Who are the Anglos? - correct answer ✔✔Speakers of English during European settlement
Which speakers were the majority group amongst European settlers? - correct answer ✔✔English
The early English settlers in North America did not tolerate other languages - correct answer ✔✔False
There was linguistic tolerance
Why did linguistic tolerance change in 19th century USA? - correct answer ✔✔Changing patterns of
immigration cause a rise in paranoia among the Anglos. Previously, immigrants were heavily North
European, Protestant, and English-speaking. 19th century new immigrants were increasingly from south
and southeast Europe, Irish Catholic, Orthodox Christian, Jewish, and Asian (Japanese, Chinese).
, When did the first defence of English start? - correct answer ✔✔19th century
What happened in the 'first defense' of English? - correct answer ✔✔New calls for restrictions on the
use and teaching of languages other than English/LOTEs. Initiatives to close down schools offering other
languages as mediums of education.
Successful - by early 20th century, LOTEs only taught as subjects, not used as languages of instruction.
World War I (1914-1918): attempts to prohibit ALL use of German in schools. German was associated
with the enemy, although most German-speakers in the US did not support Germany.
Describe Meyer vs. Nebraska - correct answer ✔✔First major legal case in the US involving the use of
language.
Robert Meyer, a teacher in Zion Parochial School, was charged with violating Nebraska state law by
teaching German to a student. Meyer was convicted and appealed. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of
Meyer, stating that attempts to forbid the teaching of LOTEs in schools violated the 14th Amendment.
Judge James McReynolds: "mere knowledge of the German language cannot reasonably be regarded as
harmful."
What happened in the 19th century/early 20th century with regards to Native American languages? -
correct answer ✔✔The government attempted to stop the transmission of NA languages.
NA children were sent to boarding schools, off-reservation, where no use of NA languages was allowed.
They were punished for speaking their tribal languages, and pressured to assimilate completely to Anglo
customs and language.
What sorts of discrimination did Asians experience in the 19th century? - correct answer ✔✔From 1870
on, no US citizenship was granted to Asian immigrants. A ban on immigration 1882-1943: The Chinese
Exclusion Act
After Meyer vs. Nebraska, the teaching of LOTEs was permitted in all schools - correct answer ✔✔False
Despite the outcome of Meyer vs. Nebraska, the teaching of LOTEs was banned from elementary
schools, and only permitted in high schools, until the 1960s.
What are 3 policies that encouraged the use of LOTEs? - correct answer ✔✔The National Defense Act,
the Bilingual Education Act, and the Native American Languages Act
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