Relias - Fetal Heart Monitoring With Complete Questions And Answers Latest Version
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Course
Nursing
Institution
Nursing
Relias - Fetal Heart Monitoring With Complete Questions And Answers Latest Version /Relias - Fetal Heart Monitoring With Complete Questions And Answers Latest Version /Relias - Fetal Heart Monitoring With Complete Questions And Answers Latest Version
Relias - Fetal Heart Monitoring With Complete Questions
And Answers Latest Version 2024-2025
Relias - Fetal Heart Monitoring With Complete Questions
And Answers Latest Version 2024-2025
uterine blood supply
- uterine arteries deliver oxygenated blood to spiral arteries which bring oxygen rich
blood to intervillous space of placenta that has fetal capillaries
- fetal capillaries carry the O2 rich blood to umbilical VEIN that goes to fetus
-in contrast, the umbilical ARTERIES return waste products to that intervillous space
that go into mother's venous system
Potential issues that negatively affect fetal oxygenation
Maternal Oxygenation: asthma, hyper- or hypo- ventilation
Maternal Circulation: decreased maternal cardiac output, hypotension, decreased
Hgb
Placental O2 and CO2 Exchange: postterm, abruption, HTN, hypotension, uterine
tachysystole
Fetal circulation: cord compression or occlusion
Fetal hypoxemia
- can occur d/t reduced fetal O2 reserves, excessive uterine activity, or reduced
uteroplacental blood flow
,- worsening fetal hypoxemia can lead to abnormal FHR patterns, mostly minimal or
absent variability from acidemia
(1) hypoxemia vs. (2) hypoxia
1 - reduce O2 in blood
2 - reduced O2 delivery at tissue level
Fetal anaerobic metabolism
- occurs when long term O2 delivery is insufficient to meet cellular needs of tissues
- results in production of lactic acid and other noncarbonic acids
- ACIDOSIS is the presence of excessive acids in tissues
acidosis pH
below 7.35 pH
is low
(acidosis is the process that leads to low blood pH, or acidemia)
alkalosis pH
above 7.45
pH is high
buffers
- help maintain acid base homeostasis
- 2 major fetal buffers are plasma bicarbonate and hgb
base excess and base deficit
- base deficit is expressed as a positive number
, Relias - Fetal Heart Monitoring With Complete Questions
And Answers Latest Version 2024-2025
- base excess is expressed as a negative number
~ they are equivalent and terms are used interchangeably ~
fetal acidosis
- when O2 is decreased to fetus, tissue hypoxia results in acidosis, which then shows
a drop in pH, a loss of bicarb, and increase in base deficit
acidemia
assoc w/ widespread, deleterious effects on vital organ and body function
fetal hypoxia during birth
assoc w/ neonatal depression, low apgars, neonatal encephalopathy, and cerebral
palsy
respiratory acidosis
low pH (< 7.10), high pCO2 (> 60), normal base deficit ( < 12)
- increase of pCO2 for fetus that lowers pH but doesn't affect base deficit
factors that contribute to resp acidosis
- sudden decrease in placental or cord perfusion
- uterine tachysystole
- maternal hypoventilation
metabolic acidosis
ph < 7.10 , normal pCO2 (<60), high base deficit (>12)
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