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D398 WGU-INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOLOGY
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D398 WGU-INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOLOGY
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D398 WGU-INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOLOGYDrugs Standards - Answers -Rules that drug manufacturers must follow when they
produce drugs.
1906 Pure Food and Drug Act - Answers -Established drug standards for strength,
purity, and quality. Mandated that drugs with dangerous ingredients be labeled as such.
1938 Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act - Answers -Established the Food and Drug
Administration (FDA), which is meant to enforce rules such as labeling, drug approval
before release, and warning labels (such as may cause drowsiness)
1970 Controlled Substances Act - Answers -Established the Drug Enforcement Agency
(DEA). Set strict standards for abused drugs and required prescribers to register with
the DEA. Enforces the laws included in this act.
Controlled substance - Answers -A drug, or a substance or chemical used to make
drugs, that requires additional regulation and oversight due to medical use or potential
abuse
Schedules - Answers -Five schedules from the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) that
categorize controlled substances
Schedule I - Answers -Substances like heroin that have the highest risk of abuse and
are not approved for medical use in the United States
Schedule II - Answers -Psychostimulants and opiod based mediations that have a high
risk of abuse and dependence but have accepted medical uses.
Schedule III - Answers -Certain barbiturate sedatives and anaboilic steroids with
moderate to low abuse and dependence risk
Schedule IV - Answers -Sedative agents like diazepam and phenobarbital, which have a
low risk of abuse and dependence
Schedule V - Answers -Drugs used for epilepsy, cough suppressants, and antidiarrheal
medications and has the lowest risk for abuse and dependence.
Nonprescription drugs - Answers -Over-the-counter drugs, do not require a prescription
or medical supervision because the FDA determines them to have a low chance of
harm to the public. Common drugs include pain reliever acetaminophen and
antihistamine diphenhydramine (benadryl)
Controlled substances - Answers -Drugs that have high abuse potential, limited medical
uses, or high dependence liability. Categorized by Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) into
, five schedules based on their risk of dependence and abuse, Schedule I agents having
the highest risk. Schedule V drugs like anticonvulsant pregabalin having the lowest risk.
Action - Answers -Biochemical changes that occur in the body as a result of the drug
Contraindication - Answers -Circumstances or populations in which a drug may cause
more harm than benefit
Drug reference - Answers -Resources offereing information about medications and the
conditions they treat
Indication - Answers -Intended or labeled use of a drug
Enteral dosage forms - Answers -Medications delivered orally (by mouth), nasogastric
(tube up the nose and down to the stomach), and rectal (rectum). Absorbed somewhere
along the GI tract
Most common enteral dosage forms - Answers -Tablets, capsules, lozenges, liquids that
must be swallowed by mouth to be absorbed from the stomach or intestines
Tablets - Answers -Compressed disks of a drug. Enteric-coated tablets possess a
speical coating that resist disintegration in the stomach
Capsules - Answers -Drugs contained within a gelatin coating. Sustained-release
capsules or tablets are drugs surrounded by a special coating that disintegrates over
time
Suspension - Answers -Drug particles that can be suspened in a liquid when water is
added
Solution - Answers -A drug that is evenly dissolved in liquid form
Sublingual tablets - Answers -Nitroglycerin enter the bloodstream faster than oral
dosage forms that must be swallowed because they are absorbed under the tongue
Nasgoastric tubes - Answers -Thin, flexible plastic tubes that pass medicatoin or food
through the nose and into the stomach to help individuals with difficulty swallowing
Rectal dosage - Answers -Forms enter the body through the blood vessel-rich rectum
and often include drgu suspensions or solutions in the form of suppositories or enemas.
Parenteral dosage forms - Answers -Injected with needles or syringes. Fastest way to
administer drugs into the body because the bypass the abosorption step and begin
acting immediately.
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