What are the three levels of prevention? 1. Primary: keep illness or injury from occurring 2. Secondary: detect and treat existing disease 3. Tertiary: reduce the extent and severity of a health problem to its lowest possible level to minimize disability and restore or preserve function
What are t...
NUR 4637 Final Exam Questions and
Correct Answers
What are the three levels of prevention? ✅1. Primary: keep illness or injury from
occurring
2. Secondary: detect and treat existing disease
3. Tertiary: reduce the extent and severity of a health problem to its lowest possible
level to minimize disability and restore or preserve function
What are the social determinants of health? ✅1. Where we live (neighborhood)
2. The state of our environment (environment)
3. Genetics (health care access and quality)
4. Income (economic stability)
5. Education level (education access)
6. Relationships with friends and families (social)
What are the 8 characteristics of community health nursing? ✅1. Population is client or
unit of care
2. Primary obligation is to achieve greatest good for greatest number of people or
population as a whole
3. PHNs collaborate with the client as an equal partner
4. Primary prevention is the priority
5. Strategies are selected to create healthy environmental, social, and economic
conditions in which populations may thrive
6. There is an obligation to actively reach out to all who might benefit from a specific
activity
7. Optimal use of available resources to assure best overall improvement in health of
population is a key element
8. Collaboration with a variety of other professions, populations, organizations, and
entities is the most effective way to promote and protect the health of people
What are the roles of community health nursing? ✅Clinician
· Care provider
· Focus on holism, health promotion, and prevention while using expanded skills
Educator
· Health teacher
· Plan for community-wide impact
Advocate
· Pleader of the client's cause or actor on behalf of the client
· Support the client's self-determination and independence
· Make the system responsive and relevant to the client's needs
Manager
· Administrative direction of goals: plan, organize, lead, control, evaluate
, · Participative approach with community
Collaborator
· Working jointly with others
· Multidisciplinary collegiality and leadership
Leadership role (action as a change agent)
Researcher
· Systematic investigation, collection, and analysis of data for solving problems
· Seeking evidence-based solutions to addressing needs in community settings
Florence Nightingale (1820-1910) ✅* Identified the problem - Soldiers dying at a
higher rate from infection that from battle injuries
* Gathered the data - How were they being cared for
* Changed behaviors - Based on 'scientific' knowledge
* Evaluated the outcomes - Decrease in mortality by > 60%
* Established new standards of practice - Holistic care
What are the 5 essential components to C/PHNing (r/t Nightingale)? ✅1. Pure air
2. Pure water
3. Efficient drainage
4. Cleanliness
5. Adequate lighting
Lillian Wald ✅* First to use the term 'public health nurse'
* Henry Street Settlement
* National Organization for Public Health Nursing
* School nurses
Margaret Sanger ✅* The Comstock Act of 1873
* Birth control information
* First birth control clinic in America
International Planned Parenthood Federation
What are some practice settings of community health nurses? ✅* Community at large
* Homes
* Ambulatory service
* Schools
* Occupational health
* Residential institutions
* Faith communities
What are the key characteristics of public health practice? ✅1. Focus on health needs
of entire populations and inequities of subpopulations; central mission to improve health
of populations
2. Comprehensive/Systematic assessment of population health using an approach
3. Attention to multiple determinants of health
4. Emphasis on primary prevention
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